Tottenham Hotspur FC 1-2 PAOK FC
Despite being reduced to ten men, the Greek side confirmed their place in the last 32 with goals from Dimitris Salpingidis and Stefanos Athanasiadis.
Ten-man PAOK FC secured their place in the round of 32 with a narrow victory at Tottenham Hotspur FC in UEFA Europa League Group A.
The visitors made a lightning start, racing into a 2-0 lead inside 14 minutes courtesy of Dimitris Salpingidis and Stefanos Athanasiadis. Kostas Stafylidis was dismissed for handball before the break and though Luka Modrić scored the resulting penalty, the visitors held firm to extend their unbeaten run in Europe to seven games.
PAOK started brightly and, knowing victory would guarantee a place in the knockout stage, took the lead on six minutes. William Gallas gave the ball away on the halfway line and Giorgos Georgiadis broke clear down the left before delivering a pinpoint cross that Salpingidis headed past Heurelho Gomes for PAOK's 150th goal in UEFA club competition.
PAOK's dream start then got even better, Georgiadis again the provider down the left and Athanasiadis sliding in at the back post to send the noisy visiting fans into raptures. They did not have it all their own way, though, and Jermain Defoe set about trying to maintain Tottenham's three-game unbeaten home record in the competition with a fierce strike which brought the best out of Kostas Chalkias.
From the resulting corner, the hosts were back in the match. Vedran Ćorluka rose highest and, having blocked the first effort on the line, Stafylidis was sent off for stopping Harry Kane's follow-up with a hand. Modrić kept his cool from the spot, sending Chalkias the wrong way.
Tottenham began the second half on the front foot and started to make their numerical advantage count, with Kane and Steven Pienaar spurning opportunities to equalise. Substitute Iago Falqué had an effort cleared off the line by Pablo Contreras but PAOK defended resolutely and held on to qualify.
Spurs need a sizeable victory against Shamrock Rovers FC on 15 December and for PAOK to win at FC Rubin Kazan, a result which would wrap up first place for the Greek side.
Rabu, 30 November 2011
Selasa, 29 November 2011
British Museum celebrates $1.5m Picasso etchings gift
London (CNN) -- A complete set of 100 etchings by Pablo Picasso -- never before seen in public -- is to go on display at the British Museum after an "extraordinary" $1.5 million gift.
Businessman Hamish Parker -- a long-term fan of the London museum -- donated the entire Vollard Suite in memory of his father, Major Horace Parker, who died last year.
The Vollard Suite -- one of the 20th century's most highly prized collections of etchings -- was created by Picasso between 1930 and 1937.
It features pictures of the artist's young lover, Marie-Therese Walter, depictions of the Minotaur, the half-man-half-beast from classical myth who would become a regular feature in Picasso's works, and also a number of portraits of art collector Ambroise Vollard, for whom the collection is named.
A spokeswoman for the museum said Parker -- a friend of the prints and drawings room -- had learned of the museum's hopes of acquiring the suite of etchings at an event there last year.
We hoped to be able to add to the collection piece by piece over time. Never in our wildest dreams did we imagine it would happen so quickly.
British Museum spokeswoman
"We already owned a few individual plates from the collection, five or so out of the 100, and one of those was on display," she told CNN.
"Stephen Coppel, the prints and drawings curator, had placed a note beside it explaining that it was a long-term ambition of the British Museum to own the complete set.
"But it was pie-in-the-sky stuff really -- we hoped to be able to add to the collection piece by piece over time. Never in our wildest dreams did we imagine it would happen so quickly."
After his father died, Parker surprised museum bosses by telling them he planned to offer them the money to buy the full set, in memory of the Major.
"It was very unexpected, and incredibly generous," the spokeswoman said. "We are delighted."
The Vollard Suite will go on display at the British Museum in London from May 3 to September 2, 2012, the first time a complete set of the etchings has been shown in the UK for half a century.
The collection will be shown alongside examples of the classical sculpture, Rembrandt etchings and Goya prints which inspired Picasso in creating it..
The suite was commissioned by Parisian collector Ambroise Vollard, who planned to print and sell editions of it; however he died in a car accident in 1939 before the task was completed.
After his death most of the prints were sold to fellow art dealer Henri Petiet. The British Museum's set, which has never been shown in public before and is in pristine condition, was bought from the Petiet family.
Chelsea 0 - 2 Liverpool
Chelsea were again struck down by the curse of Kenny Dalglish as Liverpool increased the pressure on manager Andre Villas-Boas with a comfortable Carling Cup quarter-final victory at Stamford Bridge.
Maxi Rodriguez and Martin Kelly both scored in a five-minute spell after the break to maintain Dalglish's unbeaten record against Chelsea in 13 matches as Liverpool manager.
Liverpool's win was fully deserved, even with the inspirational Luis Suarez rested, as they were able to recover from the setback of Andy Carroll's missed first-half penalty to secure their third straight victory at Stamford Bridge.
It was a fully deserved win, following hard on the heels of the Premier League triumph here 10 days ago and confirming a renaissance that has seen Liverpool go undefeated in their last eleven games.
Chelsea are not passed it - Villas-Boas
And as his side closed in on the semi-final, Dalglish showed special appreciation for the contribution of Craig Bellamy when he was substituted late on.
He was withdrawn from Sunday's game against Manchester City at Anfield following the death of his mentor and Wales manager Gary Speed, but returned in style at Stamford Bridge to create both goals.
Liverpool can now contemplate their first semi-final in this competition since 2005, when they reached the final only to be defeated by Jose Mourinho's Chelsea.
The only cloud over Liverpool's night was a knee injury that saw midfield man Lucas stretchered off. He will now undergo a scan to determine the extent of the problem.
In contrast to Dalglish's obvious delight, Villas-Boas cut a dejected figure as the momentum built by the victory against Wolves on Saturday was snuffed out by an impressive Liverpool display.
The 34-year-old Portuguese coach insists he has the full backing of Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich and there is no doubt he is currently presiding over a squad in need of major repair.
But this result only makes next Tuesday's defining Champions League meeting with Valencia at Stamford Bridge an even more crucial moment for Villas-Boas, despite his managerial career at Chelsea being in its infancy.
Dalglish proud of Liverpool youngsters
And it was another disappointing night for Chelsea's £50m British record signing Fernando Torres, who cut an almost apologetic figure against his former club as he laboured in vain on the margins.
Carroll and Torres were both given chances to impress as both managers made changes - but it was referee Phil Dowd who was the central figure early on as he ignored two penalty appeals.
He booked David Luiz for diving when he was clearly felled by Sebastian Coates as he raced into the area - but the Chelsea defender was then lucky to escape punishment for a push on Carroll.
Dowd did award a penalty, albeit after a lengthy delay, at the third time of asking in the 22nd minute when Alex handled needlessly. Carroll claimed the penalty with some confidence only to drill it straight at Chelsea keeper Ross Turnbull.
The official was not enjoying his finest night, as he proved when he booked Ryan Bertrand for a dangerous tackle on Jordan Henderson - by Romelu Lukaku.
Chelsea at least posed a whiff of danger early in the second half when Florent Malouda's downward header looped up on to the bar, but this was only the signal for Liverpool to put the game out of their reach.
Liverpool went ahead just before the hour when Bellamy broke clear down the right and crossed perfectly for Maxi, who also scored in the recent league win at Chelsea, to beat Turnbull comfortably at the far post.
Villas-Boas immediately prepared the introduction of Juan Mata and Nicolas Anelka, but he was not able to make the change before Liverpool extended their lead.
Bellamy's free-kick found Kelly unmarked in the area and the defender took advantage to head past the exposed Turnbull.
Mata and Anelka came on, but Liverpool cruised to victory untroubled to move a step closer to Wembley.
Maxi Rodriguez and Martin Kelly both scored in a five-minute spell after the break to maintain Dalglish's unbeaten record against Chelsea in 13 matches as Liverpool manager.
Liverpool's win was fully deserved, even with the inspirational Luis Suarez rested, as they were able to recover from the setback of Andy Carroll's missed first-half penalty to secure their third straight victory at Stamford Bridge.
It was a fully deserved win, following hard on the heels of the Premier League triumph here 10 days ago and confirming a renaissance that has seen Liverpool go undefeated in their last eleven games.
Chelsea are not passed it - Villas-Boas
And as his side closed in on the semi-final, Dalglish showed special appreciation for the contribution of Craig Bellamy when he was substituted late on.
He was withdrawn from Sunday's game against Manchester City at Anfield following the death of his mentor and Wales manager Gary Speed, but returned in style at Stamford Bridge to create both goals.
Liverpool can now contemplate their first semi-final in this competition since 2005, when they reached the final only to be defeated by Jose Mourinho's Chelsea.
The only cloud over Liverpool's night was a knee injury that saw midfield man Lucas stretchered off. He will now undergo a scan to determine the extent of the problem.
In contrast to Dalglish's obvious delight, Villas-Boas cut a dejected figure as the momentum built by the victory against Wolves on Saturday was snuffed out by an impressive Liverpool display.
The 34-year-old Portuguese coach insists he has the full backing of Chelsea owner Roman Abramovich and there is no doubt he is currently presiding over a squad in need of major repair.
But this result only makes next Tuesday's defining Champions League meeting with Valencia at Stamford Bridge an even more crucial moment for Villas-Boas, despite his managerial career at Chelsea being in its infancy.
Dalglish proud of Liverpool youngsters
And it was another disappointing night for Chelsea's £50m British record signing Fernando Torres, who cut an almost apologetic figure against his former club as he laboured in vain on the margins.
Carroll and Torres were both given chances to impress as both managers made changes - but it was referee Phil Dowd who was the central figure early on as he ignored two penalty appeals.
He booked David Luiz for diving when he was clearly felled by Sebastian Coates as he raced into the area - but the Chelsea defender was then lucky to escape punishment for a push on Carroll.
Dowd did award a penalty, albeit after a lengthy delay, at the third time of asking in the 22nd minute when Alex handled needlessly. Carroll claimed the penalty with some confidence only to drill it straight at Chelsea keeper Ross Turnbull.
The official was not enjoying his finest night, as he proved when he booked Ryan Bertrand for a dangerous tackle on Jordan Henderson - by Romelu Lukaku.
Chelsea at least posed a whiff of danger early in the second half when Florent Malouda's downward header looped up on to the bar, but this was only the signal for Liverpool to put the game out of their reach.
Liverpool went ahead just before the hour when Bellamy broke clear down the right and crossed perfectly for Maxi, who also scored in the recent league win at Chelsea, to beat Turnbull comfortably at the far post.
Villas-Boas immediately prepared the introduction of Juan Mata and Nicolas Anelka, but he was not able to make the change before Liverpool extended their lead.
Bellamy's free-kick found Kelly unmarked in the area and the defender took advantage to head past the exposed Turnbull.
Mata and Anelka came on, but Liverpool cruised to victory untroubled to move a step closer to Wembley.
Senin, 28 November 2011
Discount BlackBerry uproar, the government uncomfortable
JAKARTA - riot consumers in purchasing a BlackBerry with a 50 percent discount helped make the government uncomfortable. Organizers considered to have failed to anticipate the purchase order so that even a riot occurred.
Head of Information and Public Relations Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Kemenkominfo) RI Gatot S Dewa Broto explained, consumers in the country are always tempted by the offer of discounted products, including the latest product Bellagio 9790 BlackBerry made by Research in Motion (RIM).
"Consumer behavior it is sufficient to make us uncomfortable. Every time a new item, the public tends to consumer," said Billy to Kompas.com, Monday (28/11/2011).
Billy the organizers regret that only restrict the purchase of a BlackBerry discounts of 1,000 units, but provide opportunities to the community exceeds the capacity. As a result, prospective buyers were membeludak and can not be anticipated.
The plan, implementation activities will be conducted over three days starting from 25 November 2011. However, in a single day organizing discount the BlackBerry is to be discontinued for fear of casualties.
"We're just trying to protect consumers. At the very least, RIM is not just the lure of a discount, but also pay attention to RIM's deal with the government which has not been executed," he added.
So far, RIM still has three agreements called the government has not executed. The agreement is tapping on a BlackBerry, after sales service, and construction of a server or database / datacenter or network aggregator. The government set a deadline until December 31, 2011.
Head of Information and Public Relations Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (Kemenkominfo) RI Gatot S Dewa Broto explained, consumers in the country are always tempted by the offer of discounted products, including the latest product Bellagio 9790 BlackBerry made by Research in Motion (RIM).
"Consumer behavior it is sufficient to make us uncomfortable. Every time a new item, the public tends to consumer," said Billy to Kompas.com, Monday (28/11/2011).
Billy the organizers regret that only restrict the purchase of a BlackBerry discounts of 1,000 units, but provide opportunities to the community exceeds the capacity. As a result, prospective buyers were membeludak and can not be anticipated.
The plan, implementation activities will be conducted over three days starting from 25 November 2011. However, in a single day organizing discount the BlackBerry is to be discontinued for fear of casualties.
"We're just trying to protect consumers. At the very least, RIM is not just the lure of a discount, but also pay attention to RIM's deal with the government which has not been executed," he added.
So far, RIM still has three agreements called the government has not executed. The agreement is tapping on a BlackBerry, after sales service, and construction of a server or database / datacenter or network aggregator. The government set a deadline until December 31, 2011.
Jumat, 25 November 2011
MATERI TIK KELAS 7 (BAG.2)
B. Sejarah Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
1. Masa Pra Sejarah (.......... s.d. 3000 SM)
Pada masa pra sejarah, manusia berkomunikasi dengan menggambarkan informasi pada dinding-dinding gua tentang berburu dan binatang buruannya. Manusia mulai mengenal berbagai benda yang ada disekitarnya dan melukiskan benda tersebut pada dinding-dinding gua untuk mewakilinya. Kemampuan bahasa mereka saat itupun hanya terbatas pada dengusan, bahasa isyarat dan gerakan tangan. Perkembangan selanjutnya adalah diciptakan dan digunakannya alat-alat yang menghasilkan bunyi dan isyarat, seperti gendang, terompet yang terbuat dari tanduk binatang, isyarat asap sebagai alat pemberi peringatan terhadap bahaya.
2. Masa (3000 SM s.d. 1400 M)
Perkembangan cara berkomunikasi semakin maju pada masa sejarah, mulai dari ditemukannya abjad fonetik, kerta sebagai media menulis, sampai pada cara mencetak buku. Berikut perkembangan informasi yang terjadi selama masa sejarah:
3000 SM Bangsa Sumeria menemukan tulisan untuk pertama kalinya. Tulisan tersebut berupa simbol-simbol yang disebut piktograf
2900 SM Bangsa Mesir kuno telah mengembangkan tulisan Hieroglif untuk berkomunikasi.
1775 SM Bangsa Yunani memperkenalkan sistem penulisan dari kiri ke kanan dengan menggunakan abjad fonetik yaitu huruf yang dibuat berdasarkan bunyi ucapan.
1400 SM Bangsa China mulai menuliskan sejarah mereka pada kepingan tulang binatang
1270 SM Bangsa Suriah telah membuat Ensiklopedia untuk pertama kalinya
900 SM Bangsa China membuat sistem pelayanan pos dan kantor pos yang pertama
776 SM Bangsa Yunani mempergunakan burung merpati untuk mengirimkan informasi
530 SM Bangsa Yunani juga membuat perpustakaan untuk pertama kalinya
500 SM Bangsa Mesir kuno menggunakan serat pohon papyrus sebagai kertas
105 SM Bangsa China menemukan kertas. Orang yang menemukan kertas itu bernama Tsai Lun. Kertas tersebut terbuat dari serat pohon bambu yang dihaluskan, disaring, dicuci, diratakan dan kemudian dikeringkan.
14 M Bangsa Romawi secara resmi membuat sistem pelayanan pos
37 M Kaisar Tiberius dari Roma menggunakan cermin sebagai alat mengirim pesan (heliograf).
305 M Bangsa China menciptakan mesin cetak pertama yang terbuat dari lempengan kayu ukir. Sistem pencetakkan dilakukan dengan menggunakan blokm kayu yang ditoreh dan dilumuri oleh tinta.
3. Masa Modern (1400 M s.d. Sekarang)
Pada masa ini terjadi kemajuan yang cukup berarti pada perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Berikut perkembangan yang terjadi selama masa modern:
1450 M Koran pertama di dunia mulai beredar di Eropa meski belum terbit secara harian
1455 M Johann Gutenberg mengembangkan mesin cetak yang menggunakan plat huruf dari besi dan dibingkai dengan kayu yang dapat diganti-ganti
1560 M Kamera foto pertama diciptakan dengan nama Camera Obscure
1650 M Surat kabar pertama beredar di Jerman
1714 M Henry Mill dari Inggris menciptakan mesin ketik modern
1793 M Claude Chappe membuat jalur telegraf optic jarak jauh
1821 M Microfon untuk pertama kalinya ditemukan oleh Charles Whaetstone
1830 M Agusta Lady Byron menulis Program komputer yang
pertama bekerja sama dengan Charles Babbage menggunakan ide mesin Analytical
1831 M Joseph Henry menciptakan jalur listrik pertama di dunia
1837 M Samuel F.B. Morse bersama William Cook dan Charles Whaetstone mengembangkan telegraf dan kode Morse
1843 M Alexander Bain menciptakan mesin Faksimili pertama
1861 M Ditemukannya alat yang bernama Kinematoskop untuk memutar slide
1876 M Thomas Alva Edison menemukan mesin fotocopi pertama, Alexander Graham Bell menyatakan dirinya yang telah menciptakan pesawat telepon. Pada tahun yang sama, Melvyl Dewey mengembangkan sistem pencatatan katalog buku untuk perpustakaan diseluruh dunia yang bernama Sistem Desimal Dewey
1888 M Diciptakannya gulungan film untuk memotret oleh George Eastman
1910 M Thomas Alva Edison menciptakan film bersuara pertama di dunia
1923 M Ditemukannya pesawat televisi pertama oleh Vladimir Kosma Zworykin
1934 M Joseph Begun mengembangkan Tape Recorder
1936 M Komputer pertama di dunia dengan nama Z1 telah diciptakan oleh Konrad Zuse
1945 M Vannevar Bush mengembangkan kode Hypertext
1946 M ENIAC 1 yang merupakan komputer digital pertama dikembangkan
1957 M Uni Soviet (RMusia) meluncurkan Sputnik sebagai satelit bumi buatan pertama, sedangkan di Amerika terbentuk ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
1958 M Chester Carlson menciptkakan mesin fotokopi pertama dengan nama Xerox
1963 M Amerika menciptakan sistem kode pos
1969 M Lahirnya ARPANET sebagai cikal bakal adanya Internet
1971 M Diciptakannya Disket pertama di dunia
1972 M Ray Tomlinson menciptakan Program e-mail pertama
1973 M Lahirnya protokol internet TCP/IP
1979 M Jepang mempelopori terciptanya jaringan telepon tanpa kabel pertama di dunia
1980 M Perusahaan Sony, Jepang membuat Walkman pertama di dunia
1985 M Ditemukannya cakram penyimpan data (CD)
1992 M Munculnya WWW oleh CERN (Laboratorium Partikel di Swiss)
1999 M Munculnya raksasa mesin pencari informasi secara gratis di dunia yaitu Google.com Perusahaan telepon Indonesia, Telkom mulai memasarkan produk jaringan internet yang bernama Telkomnet Instan
4. Sejarah Perkembangan Alat Hitung
Perkembangan dan kemajuan berbagai peralatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi tidak terlepas dari perkembangan alat hitung, mulai dari yang sederhana sampai yang rumit seperti komputer.
■■ Abacus
Alat ini dianggap sebagai awal mula mesin komputasi, muncul 5000 tahun yang lalu dan merupakan alat perhitungan kuno yang digunakan oleh bangsa Romawi kuno dan Yunani kuno. Abacus pada masa ini di pakai oleh para pedagang untuk menghitung transaksi perdagangan. Abacus hingga kini masih digunakan di Cina dan beberapa negara di Asia. Seiring dengan munculnya pensil dan kertas.
■■ Kalkulator Roda Numerik
Pada tahun 1642, Blaise Pascal (1623-1662), yang pada waktu itu berumur 18 tahun, menemukan apa yang ia sebut sebagai kalkulator roda numerik (numerical wheel calculator) untuk membantu ayahnya melakukan perhitungan pajak. Kotak persegi kuningan ini yang dinamakan Pascaline, menggunakan delapan roda putar bergerigi untuk menjumlahkan bilangan hingga delapan digit. Alat ini merupakan alat penghitung bilangan berbasis sepuluh. Kelemahan alat ini adalah hanya terbatas untuk melakukan penjumlahan.
■■ Kalkulator Roda Mekanik 2
Tahun 1694, seorang matematikawan dan filsuf Jerman, Gottfred Wilhem von Leibniz (1646-1716) memperbaiki Pascaline dengan membuat mesin yang dapat mengalikan. Sama seperti pendahulunya, alat mekanik ini bekerja dengan menggunakan roda-roda gerigi. Dengan mempelajari catatan dan gambar-gambar yang dibuat oleh Pascal, Leibniz dapat menyempurnakan alatnya. Barulah pada tahun 1820, kalkulator mekanik mulai populer.
■■ Kalkulator Mekanik
Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar menemukan mesin yang dapat melakukan empat fungsi aritmatik dasar. Kalkulator mekanik Colmar, arithometer, mempresentasikan pendekatan yang lebih praktis dalam kalkulasi karena alat tersebut dapat melakukan penjumlahan, pengurangan, perkalian, dan pembagian. Dengan kemampuannya, arithometer banyak dipergunakan hingga masa Perang Dunia I. Bersama-sama dengan Pascal dan Leibniz, Colmar membantu membangun era komputasi mekanik.
5. Sejarah Perkembangan Komputer
Awal mula komputer yang sebenarnya dibentuk oleh seorang profesor matematika Inggris, Charles Babbage (1791-1871). Tahun 1812, Babbage memperhatikan kesesuaian alam antara mesin mekanik dan matematika. Mesin mekanik sangat baik dalam mengerjakan tugas yang sama berulangkali tanpa kesalahan, sedang matematika membutuhkan repetisi sederhana dari suatu langkah-langkah tertentu.
Masalah tersebut kemudian berkembang hingga menempatkan mesin mekanik sebagai alat untuk menjawab kebutuhan mekanik. Usaha Babbage yang pertama untuk menjawab masalah ini muncul pada tahun 1822 ketika ia mengusulkan suatu mesin untuk melakukan perhitungan persamaan differensil. Mesin tersebut dinamakan Mesin Differensial. Dengan menggunakan tenaga uap, mesin tersebut dapat menyimpan Program dan dapat
melakukan kalkulasi serta mencetak hasilnya secara otomatis.
Setelah bekerja dengan Mesin Differensial selama sepuluh tahun, Babbage tiba-tiba terinspirasi
untuk memulai membuat komputer general-purpose yang pertama, yang disebut Analytical Engine.
Asisten Babbage, Augusta Ada King (1815-1842) memiliki peran penting dalam pembuatan mesin ini. Ia membantu merevisi rencana, mencari pendanaan daripemerintah Inggris, dan mengkomunikasikan spesifikasi Analytical Engine kepada publik. Selain itu, pemahaman Augusta yang baik tentang mesin ini memungkinkannya membuat instruksi untuk dimasukkan ke dalam mesin dan juga membuatnya menjadi Programmer wanita yang pertama. Pada tahun 1980, Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat menamakan sebuah bahasa pemrograman dengan nama ADA sebagai penghormatan kepadanya.
Mesin uap Babbage, walaupun tidak pernah selesai dikerjakan, tampak sangat primitif apabila dibandingkan dengan standar masa kini. Bagaimanapun juga, alat tersebut menggambarkan elemen dasar dari sebuah komputer modern dan juga mengungkapkan sebuah konsep penting.
Terdiri dari sekitar 50.000 komponen, desain dasar dari Analytical Engine menggunakan kartu-kartu perforasi (berlubang-lubang) yang berisi instruksi operasi bagi mesin tersebut.
Pada 1889, Herman Hollerith (1860-1929) juga menerapkan prinsip kartu perforasi untuk melakukan penghitungan. Tugas pertamanya adalah menemukan cara yang lebih cepat untuk melakukan perhitungan bagi Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat. Sensus sebelumnya yang
dilakukan di tahun 1880 membutuhkan waktu tujuh tahun untuk menyelesaikan perhitungan.
Dengan berkembangnya populasi, biro tersebut memperkirakan bahwa dibutuhkan waktu sepuluh tahun untuk menyelesaikan perhitungan sensus.
Hollerith menggunakan kartu perforasi untuk memasukkan data sensus yang kemudian diolah oleh alat tersebut secara mekanik. Sebuah kartu dapat menyimpan hingga 80 variabel. Dengan menggunakan alat tersebut, hasil sensus dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu enam minggu.
Selain memiliki keuntungan dalam bidang kecepatan, kartu tersebut berfungsi sebagai media penyimpan data. Tingkat kesalahan perhitungan juga dpat ditekan secara drastis. Hollerith kemudian mengembangkan alat tersebut dan menjualnya ke masyarakat luas. Ia mendirikan Tabulating Machine Company pada tahun 1896 yang kemudian menjadi International Business Machine (IBM) setelah mengalami beberapa kali merger.
Perusahaan lain seperti Remington Rand and Burroghs juga memproduksi alat pembaca kartu perforasi untuk usaha bisnis. Kartu perforasi digunakan oleh kalangan bisnis dan pemerintahan untuk pemrosesan data hingga tahun 1960.
Perkembangan teknologi ilmu komputer pun mengalami banyak kemajuan. Perkembangan tersebut dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 5 generasi sebagai berikut:
■■ Komputer Generasi Pertama (1940 s.d. 1959)
Komputer generasi pertama ini mempunyai ciri menggunakan tabung vakum untuk memproses dan menyimpan data, cepat panas dan mudah terbakar, oleh karena itu beribu-ribu tabung vakum diperlukan untuk menjalankan operasi keseluruhan komputer, dan juga memerlukan daya yang sangat besar. Komputer generasi pertama ini 100% elektronik.
Di Amerika, Howard H. Aiken (1900–1973) seorang insinyur Harvard bekerjasama dengan IBM berhasil mendesain kalkulator elektrik pertama yang diberi nama MARK I, yang memiliki ukuran panjang setengah lapangan bola kaki dan memiliki rentang kabel sepanjang 500 mil. Komputer ini dapat melakukan perhitungan aritmatika dasar dan persamaan-persamaan yang lebih kompleks. Kelemahan dari komputer ini adalah operasinya yang lambat. Komputer ini telah bekerja berdasarkan komponen elektrik dan mekanik.
Tahun 1946 Dr. John Mauchly (1919-1995) dan Presper Eckert berhasil mengembangkan komputer ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator). ENIAC terdiri dari 18.000
vakum, 70.000 resistor dan 5 juta titik solder, membutuhkan daya 175 KW dan sudah dapat menyimpan data yang dikenal sebagai konsep penyimpanan data (stored Program concept) yang dikembangkan oleh John Von Neuman.
Ciri-ciri komputer generasi pertama adalah:
●● Program dibuat dalam bahasa mesin,
●● Menggunakan konsep storage Program,
●● Komponen yang digunakan adalah tabung hampa udara,
●● Ukuran fisiknya besar sehingga membutuhkan daya listrik yang besar, serta
●● Dapat disimpan pada magnetic tape dan magnetig disk.
Contohnya, komputer IBM 701 yang dibuat tahun 1953 merupakan komputer komersial berukuran besar, sedangkan IBM 705 yang dibuat tahun 1959 digunakan dalam industri.
■■ Komputer Generasi Kedua (1959 s.d. 1965)
Pada tahun 1948, penemuan transistor sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan komputer. Transistor menggantikan tube vakum di televisi, radio, dan komputer. Akibatnya, ukuran mesin-mesin elektrik berkurang drastis. Transistor mulai digunakan di dalam komputer mulai pada tahun 1956. Penemuan lain yang berupa pengembangan memori inti-magnetik membantu pengembangan komputer generasi kedua yang lebih kecil, lebih cepat, lebih dapat diandalkan, dan lebih hemat energi dibanding para pendahulunya.
Mesin pertama yang memanfaatkan teknologi baru ini adalah superkomputer. IBM membuat superkomputer bernama Stretch, dan Sprery-Rand membuat komputer bernama LARC. Komputer-komputer ini, yang dikembangkan untuk laboratorium energi atom, dapat menangani sejumlah besar data, sebuah kemampuan yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh peneliti atom.
Mesin tersebut sangat mahal dan cenderung terlalu kompleks untuk kebutuhan komputasi bisnis, sehingga membatasi kepopuleran-nya. Hanya ada dua LARC yang pernah dipasang dan digunakan: satu di Lawrence Radiation Labs di Livermore, California, dan yang lainnya di US Navy Research and Development Center di Washington D.C.
Komputer generasi kedua menggantikan bahasa mesin dengan bahasa assembly. Bahasa assembly adalah bahasa yang menggunakan singkatansingkatan untuk menggantikan kode biner. Pada awal 1960-an, mulai bermunculan komputer generasi kedua yang sukses di bidang bisnis, di universitas, dan di pemerintahan. Komputer-komputer generasi kedua ini merupakan komputer yang sepenuhnya menggunakan transistor. Mereka juga memiliki komponen-komponen yang dapat diasosiasikan dengan komputer pada saat ini seperti: printer, penyimpanan dalam disket, memory, sistem operasi, dan program. Salah satu contoh penting komputer pada masa ini adalah IBM 1401 yang diterima secara luas di kalangan industri. Pada tahun 1965, hampir seluruh bisnis-bisnis besar menggunakan komputer generasi kedua untuk memproses informasi keuangan. Program yang tersimpan di dalam komputer dan bahasa pemrograman yang ada di dalamnya memberikan fleksibilitas kepada komputer.
Fleksibilitas ini meningkatkan kinerja dengan harga yang pantas bagi penggunaan bisnis. Dengan konsep ini, komputer dapat mencetak faktur pembelian konsumen dan kemudian menjalankan desain produk atau menghitung daftar gaji.
Ciri-ciri komputer generasi kedua antara lain:
●● Kapasitas memori utama cukup besar,
●● Komponen yang digunakan adalah transistor yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan tabung hampa udara,
●● Menggunakan magnetic tape dan magnetic disk yang berbentuk removable disk,
●● Mempunyai kemampuan proses real-time dan time sharing,
●● Proses operasinya lebih cepat,
●● Orientasinya pada aplikasi bisnis dan teknik.
■■ Komputer Generasi Ketiga (1965 s.d. 1970)
Konsep semakin kecil dan semakin murah dari transistor, akhirnya memacu orang untuk terus melakukan pelbagai penelitian. Ribuan transistor akhirnya berhasil digabung dalam satu bentuk yang sangat kecil. Secuil silicium yag mempunyai ukuran beberapa milimeter berhasil diciptakan, dan inilah yang disebut sebagai Integrated Circuit atau IC-Chip yang merupakan ciri khas komputer generasi ketiga.
Jack Kilby, seorang insinyur di Texas Instrument, mengembangkan sirkuit terintegrasi (IC: integrated circuit) di tahun 1958. IC mengkombinasikan tiga komponen elektronik dalam sebuah piringan silikon kecil yang terbuat dari pasir kuarsa. Pada ilmuwan kemudian berhasil memasukkan lebih banyak komponenkomponen chip tunggal yang disebut semikonduktor. Hasilnya, komputer menjadi semakin kecil karena komponen-komponen dapat dipadatkan dalam chip.
Kemajuan komputer generasi ketiga lainnya adalah penggunaan sistem operasi (operating system) yang memungkinkan mesin untuk menjalankan berbagai program yang berbeda secara serentak dengan sebuah program utama yang memonitor dan mengkoordinasi memori
komputer.
Ciri-ciri komputer generasi ketiga antara lain:
●● Komponen yang dipakai adalah IV (Integrated Circuits) yang terdiri atas ratusan atau ribuan transistor berbentu hybrid integrated circuits dan monolithic intgrated circuits,
●● Proses operasinya jauh lebih cepat dan lebih tepat, kapasitas memori komputer jauh lebih besar,
●● Ukuran fisik jauh lebih kecil sehingga penggunaan listrik lebih hemat,
●● Menggunakan magnetic disk yang sifatnya random access,
●● Dapat melakukan multiprocessing dan multiProgramming,
●● Alat input-output mengalami pengembangan dengan menggunakan visual display terminal, serta
●● Dapat melakukan komunikasi data dari satu komputer dengan komputer lainnya.
Contohnya, komputer IBM S/30. NOVA, CDC 3000, PDP-11, dan lain sebagainya.
■■ Komputer Generasi Keempat (Sejak tahun 1970)
Pada komputer generasi ke-empat ini, ilmuwan berhasil menyusun chip-chip dalam sebuah sirkuit dan berhasil membuat microprocessor. Microprocessor pertama adalah Intel 4004 yang dibuat pada tahun 1971 membawa kemajuan pada IC dengan meletakkan seluruh komponen dari sebuah komputer (central processing unit, memori, dan kendali input/output) dalam sebuah chip yang sangat kecil.
Sebelumnya IC dibuat untuk mengerjakan suatu tugas tertentu yang spesifik. Sekarang, sebuah microprocessor dapat diproduksi dan kemudian diprogram untuk memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan yang diinginkan. Tidak lama kemudian, setiap perangkat rumah tangga seperti microwave oven, televisi, dan mobil dengan electronic fuel injection dilengkapi dengan microprocessor.
Pada generasi ini juga ditandai dengan munculnya: LSI (Large Scale Integration) yang merupakan pemadatan ribuan IC ke dalam sebuah Chip. Istilah chip digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu lempengan persegi empat yang memuatrangkaian-rangkaian terpadu integreted circuits). LSI kemudian dikembangakan dalam VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).
Sejak tahun 1970, dunia komputer mengalami dua perkembangan penting, yaitu:
●● Penggunaan LSI (Large Scale Integration) yang disebut juga sebagai Bipolar Large Scale Integration, serta
●● Menggunakan mikroprosesor dan semi konductor yang berbentuk chip untuk
memori komputer
Contohnya, komputer IBM 370 menggunakan Intel 4004 mikroprosesor yang dikembangkan pertama kali pada tahun 1971 oleh perusahaan Intel Corporation dengan menggunakan chip mikroprocessor. Personal computer (PC) mulai berkembang sejak tahun 1977, misalnya komputer Apple II dan komputer dekstop oleh Xerox Corporation. Pada tahun 1981, komputer mulai banyak menggunakan sistem Window dan mouse.
■■ Komputer Generasi Kelima (Komputer Masa Depan)
Kemajuan yang sangat pesat di bidang desain komputer dan teknologi semakin memungkinkan pembuatan komputer generasi kelima. Komputer generasi kelima kini sedang dalam pengembangan. Komponen yang dipakai adalah VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration). Saat ini sedang dikembangkan oleh Josephson Function yang diramalkan dapat menggantikan keberadaan chip. Negara yang mempelopori perkembangan komputer generasi kelima ini adalah Jepang. Kemungkinan pengembangan komputer lainnya ialah kemampuan komputer memecahkan masalah sendiri dengan bantuan AI (Artificial Intellegence). Lembaga ICOT (Institute for new Computer Technology) juga dibentuk untuk merealisasikannya. Proyek komputer generasi kelima ini akan membawa perubahan pada komputerisasi dunia. Hal ini dapat diterapkan untuk mengoperasikan robot.
Violence mars Black Friday
(CNN) -- Violence marred Black Friday shopping in at least seven states, including California, where police say a woman doused fellow shoppers with pepper spray in a bid to snag a discounted video game console.
The incident happened Thursday night at a Walmart in the Porter Ranch area of Los Angeles, said Officer Robert Chavira, a police spokesman.
Ten people were exposed to the spray. Los Angeles firefighters treated them at the scene and no one required hospitalization, Chavira said.
The woman sprayed the crowd as people were grabbing for Xbox video game consoles, Los Angeles Police Detective Gus Villanueva said.
The suspect was able to pay for her purchases and leave the store before police arrived, Chavira said.
Villanueva described the suspect as a Hispanic woman, 32 to 38 years of age, 5-foot-3, 140 pounds and wearing black pants and a black sweater.
Shooting near Wal-Mart spoils shopping Black Friday shoppers injured Black Friday begins at Macy's
Authorities haven't identified the suspect and will be looking at available video, Villanueva said.
He said charges such as spraying a caustic compound would be determined later, but the action doesn't appear to have been self-defense.
One witness to the incident, Juan Castro, said he and other shoppers were hunting for "deals," when a woman began using pepper spray. He was trying to buy a Wii video game at $20, marked down from a typical $60, he said.
"I don't know if she felt threatened or she felt she had to do that to get what she wanted," Castro told CNN.
"I didn't see her personally, but I sure got the scent of the mace. I got it in my throat. It was burning. I saw people around me, they got it really bad. As you see in the video, some woman was crying 'my eyes, my eyes,'" Castro said.
"I tried to get away as quickly as possible because I didn't think it was worth it. No deal's worth that," he said.
Incidents also occurred in South Carolina, North Carolina, Florida, New York, Alabama and Connecticut, with most of the reported incidents happening at or near Walmart stores.
Despite the reports, Walmart said the day's shopping frenzy had been remarkably safe for shoppers at its thousands of stores nationwide.
"There were a few unfortunate incidents but overall we have received very positive feedback from our customers," Walmart spokesman Greg Rossiter said.
In 2008, crowds of frantic Black Friday shoppers trampled a Walmart employee in New York as he and other workers tried to unlock the door at 5 a.m.
While no deaths were reported in this year's shopping, authorities said they handled fights, shootings and other incidents through the morning.
Psychologist Jeff Gardere, in an appearance Friday on CNN, put some of the blame on retailers for staging sales that encourage hyper-competitive behavior among shoppers who may be desperate because of the poor economy.
"They shouldn't be psyching them up so much and using all sorts of psychological tactics to get them to feed into this desperation and competitive spirit," he said.
"I think people are whipped into a frenzy, physically, psychologically," he said.
Black Friday brings out bad behavior Man arrested, Tased at Walmart
In San Leandro, California, police had one man in custody and another was hospitalized after a 1:45 a.m. shooting in a Walmart parking lot.
"It was a robbery gone bad," police Sgt. Mike Sobek told reporters. "The victim's family fought with the robbers. They were able to detain one suspect. We are not sure if that suspect is the shooter, but we do have one person in custody right now."
In Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, police said two people suffered injuries in an apparent armed robbery attempt after they left a Walmart store around 1 a.m. Friday, CNN affiliate WMBF reported.
Would-be robbers struck a man on the head and shot a woman in the leg before another shopper displayed a gun and the assailants fled, the station said, citing Myrtle Beach Police Capt. Kevin Heins. The woman was taken to a hospital for treatment, he said.
Sheriff's deputies in Fayetteville, North Carolina, were looking for two men after shots were fired about 2 a.m. at a shopping mall.
And in Kinston, North Carolina, an off-duty officer working security at a Walmart sprayed shoppers with pepper spray in an effort to stop a disturbance there, WITN reported, citing police Sgt. Roland Davis.
Customer Angel Bunting told the station it happened while people were waiting to buy discount cell phones and a man fell into a display. She said she thought security believed there was a fight, according to WITN.
Police arrested a man in a Kissimmee, Florida, Walmart on a resisting arrest charge after an early morning altercation at the jewelry counter, according to the police department.
In Rome, New York, a brawl broke out in the electronics department at a Walmart moments after midnight, CNN affiliate WSTM reported, citing the Oneida County Sheriff's Office. Two people were taken to the hospital for treatment of minor injuries, the station reported.
Police in Florence, Alabama, said they had to use a stun gun -- twice -- on a Walmart customer, CNN affiliate WAFF reported. The 22-year-old man was charged with public intoxication, disorderly conduct and resisting arrest around 11 p.m. Thursday, an hour after the store opened its doors for Black Friday, WAFF reported, citing police.
A picture of the incident distributed on Twitter shows the man lying face down in an aisle, the officer atop him with a knee on his back.
And in Southington, Connecticut, iReporter Ryan Casale said he witnessed police using a stun gun on a man at the Walmart store where he was shopping. He said he wasn't sure what was happening or why, but said the event left an impression on him.
"This was my first Black Friday shopping experience, and I'll never forget what I saw," he said. "You see sides of people that they, themselves didn't even know existed."
Microsoft cuts Black Friday prices on Kinect, laptops, games
http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/111124065834-microsoft-retail-store-story-top.jpg
(CNN) -- Microsoft may be a relative newcomer to in-store retailing, but it's getting the hang of this Black Friday thing.
The computing giant, with 14 retail stores across the U.S., is diving into the post-Thanksgiving shopping madness with a slew of substantial new discounts on laptops, phones, software, games and its Kinect gaming system for the Xbox 360 console.
The sale begins online Friday at 12:01 a.m. PT, when most Microsoft stores will open, and lasts through Monday. Some of the deals are just available in stores, while others are offered only at Microsoft's online store.
Among them:
-- Sony S137GX notebook: $599, normally $999 (online only)
-- Samsung RC512 laptop running Windows 7: $499, normally $799
-- Acer Iconia Dual-Screen Touchbook: $599, normally $999
-- Xbox Ultimate Gaming Bundle, which includes accessories, a game and a 90-day Xbox Live membership: up to $200 off
-- Kinect Sensor Holiday Bundle, which includes three games: $100, normally $150 (not available online)
-- A free Windows Phone with a two-year service agreement (the site doesn't specify the carrier)
-- Office Home and Student suite of software: $120, normally $150
Microsoft also is cutting prices -- in many cases by half -- on such recent popular Xbox games as "Assassin's Creed Revelations," "Battlefield 3" and "Madden 2012." See its Facebook page for an entire list.
These discounts are much deeper than those announced Wednesday by rival Apple, which is trimming prices on iPads, iPods and Macs by less than 10%.
(CNN) -- Microsoft may be a relative newcomer to in-store retailing, but it's getting the hang of this Black Friday thing.
The computing giant, with 14 retail stores across the U.S., is diving into the post-Thanksgiving shopping madness with a slew of substantial new discounts on laptops, phones, software, games and its Kinect gaming system for the Xbox 360 console.
The sale begins online Friday at 12:01 a.m. PT, when most Microsoft stores will open, and lasts through Monday. Some of the deals are just available in stores, while others are offered only at Microsoft's online store.
Among them:
-- Sony S137GX notebook: $599, normally $999 (online only)
-- Samsung RC512 laptop running Windows 7: $499, normally $799
-- Acer Iconia Dual-Screen Touchbook: $599, normally $999
-- Xbox Ultimate Gaming Bundle, which includes accessories, a game and a 90-day Xbox Live membership: up to $200 off
-- Kinect Sensor Holiday Bundle, which includes three games: $100, normally $150 (not available online)
-- A free Windows Phone with a two-year service agreement (the site doesn't specify the carrier)
-- Office Home and Student suite of software: $120, normally $150
Microsoft also is cutting prices -- in many cases by half -- on such recent popular Xbox games as "Assassin's Creed Revelations," "Battlefield 3" and "Madden 2012." See its Facebook page for an entire list.
These discounts are much deeper than those announced Wednesday by rival Apple, which is trimming prices on iPads, iPods and Macs by less than 10%.
Kamis, 24 November 2011
India opens doors to supermarket giants
(Financial Times) -- India is to throw open its $450bn retail sector to foreign supermarkets, granting access for the first time to giants such as Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco that have long sought to enter an underserved market of 1.2bn people.
The government of Manmohan Singh, prime minister, decided late on Thursday to allow foreign groups to invest up to 51 per cent in "multi-brand retailers", as supermarkets are known in India, in the most radical pro-liberalisation reform passed by an Indian cabinet in years.
It also increased to 100 per cent from a cap of 51 per cent the level of foreign direct investment allowed in single-brand retailers.
"I think it will have a very deep and long-lasting impact on the Indian landscape," Raj Jain, chief executive of Bharti Walmart, a wholesale cash-and-carry and supply chain management joint venture between the US retailer and India's Bharti Enterprises, told CNBC TV18. "I think it will redefine the way consumers shop in India, but more importantly the way supply chains in India run."
India, Asia's third-largest economy and home to one in every six people on earth, has proved highly lucrative for foreign groups that have managed to negotiate its sometimes unpredictable business climate. Telecoms groups in particular have invested billions.
Walmart, the world's biggest retailer by sales, its French rival Carrefour and others have lobbied for years to relax the 51 per cent cap on foreign supermarket investments.
Only about 8 per cent of urban Indian retail spending takes place in the "organised" sector, according to New Delhi-based Technopak Advisors. But spending in modern retail stores has grown 20 per cent annually over the past four years, a pace expected to accelerate.
The move by the Congress-led coalition government, which has been rocked by corruption scandals, comes ahead of crucial state elections next year.
It is expected to help tame stubbornly high inflation but is likely to be vehemently opposed by millions of small retailers, who see large foreign chains as a threat.
The need to control food price inflation -- averaging double-digit rises over the past 12 months -- prompted the government to open the sector, analysts said.
Hitherto India's food supplies have been controlled by tens of millions of middlemen, a powerful political constituency that stands between farmers and consumers.
Traders add huge mark-ups to farm gate prices, while offering little by way of technical support to help farmers boost their productivity, pushing up retail prices significantly.
Analysts said allowing in big foreign retailers would provide an impetus for them to set up modern supply chains, with refrigerated vans, cold storage and more rational logistics.
"I think foreign chains can also bring in humongous logistical benefits and capital," Chandrajit Banerjee, director-general, Confederation of Indian Industry, told Reuters.
"The biggest beneficiary ... would be the small farmers who will be able to improve their productivity ... by selling directly to large organised players," Mr Banerjee said.
Rabu, 23 November 2011
Yemen's President Signs Power Transfer Deal
Yemen's President Ali Abdullah Saleh sat down with opposition leaders in the Saudi capital Riyadh Wednesday to sign a long awaited agreement to transfer power to his vice president, hold early elections and put an end to months of bloodshed.
Onlookers clapped as President Saleh and Yemeni opposition leaders signed the deal to transfer power, a deal that had long eluded them. The accord was a major victory for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which had worked patiently to broker it, and for Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah who invested his prestige to bring it about.
A Look At Yemen's Power Transfer Agreement:
Yemen's President Ali Abdullah Saleh has signed an agreement designed to end months of anti-government unrest. Here is a look at the main provisions in the plan crafted by the Gulf Cooperation Council:
Saleh transfers powers to his vice president, Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi
Hadi works with opposition leaders to form a national unity government
Hadi calls an early presidential election. Some reports say Saleh will keep his title until a successor is elected
Saleh receives immunity from prosecution
King Abdullah told the Yemeni politicians that a new page in their history has been turned, and he urged them to work to bring peace to their strife-torn country.
President Saleh had promised to sign the Gulf plan three different times in recent months, but reneged each time. The deal will allow Mr. Saleh to remain president in name until elections are held in three month's time, bringing an end to his 33 year rule.
Gulf Cooperation Council Secretary-General Abdel Latif Zayani spent many hours in Yemen during the past six months to broker the deal. He called the signing "historic."
He said it is a decisive moment in which the Yemeni parties are meeting in Saudi Arabia to achieve reconciliation and understanding. He thanks King Abdullah for his sponsorship of the talks and says he is thankful the GCC mediation resulted in an agreement that will bring an end to bloodshed in Yemen.
President Saleh said he regrets the bloodshed that resulted during the 10-month old popular uprising to overthrow him. He claimed the turmoil was the result of outside forces that have been pushing their own agenda in the Arab world.
Despite the optimism surrounding Wednesday's ceremony, Yemen scholar Gregory Johnsen at Princeton University says that it's far from clear that the signing will put a decisive end to the months of violence in the country. "I think that Saleh just ran out of options and was forced to sign this, but I don't think it represents the end of the process in Yemen. President Saleh's eldest son Ahmad Ali is still in Sana'a, with a number of forces loyal to him, as are a number of his nephews. The army is still split, and the deal that the opposition made with President Saleh is not one that a majority of the protesters in the street support," he said.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Wednesday that President Saleh plans to fly to New York to continue medical treatment for burns and other injuries suffered during a bomb attack at the presidential compound in June.
Onlookers clapped as President Saleh and Yemeni opposition leaders signed the deal to transfer power, a deal that had long eluded them. The accord was a major victory for the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which had worked patiently to broker it, and for Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah who invested his prestige to bring it about.
A Look At Yemen's Power Transfer Agreement:
Yemen's President Ali Abdullah Saleh has signed an agreement designed to end months of anti-government unrest. Here is a look at the main provisions in the plan crafted by the Gulf Cooperation Council:
Saleh transfers powers to his vice president, Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi
Hadi works with opposition leaders to form a national unity government
Hadi calls an early presidential election. Some reports say Saleh will keep his title until a successor is elected
Saleh receives immunity from prosecution
King Abdullah told the Yemeni politicians that a new page in their history has been turned, and he urged them to work to bring peace to their strife-torn country.
President Saleh had promised to sign the Gulf plan three different times in recent months, but reneged each time. The deal will allow Mr. Saleh to remain president in name until elections are held in three month's time, bringing an end to his 33 year rule.
Gulf Cooperation Council Secretary-General Abdel Latif Zayani spent many hours in Yemen during the past six months to broker the deal. He called the signing "historic."
He said it is a decisive moment in which the Yemeni parties are meeting in Saudi Arabia to achieve reconciliation and understanding. He thanks King Abdullah for his sponsorship of the talks and says he is thankful the GCC mediation resulted in an agreement that will bring an end to bloodshed in Yemen.
President Saleh said he regrets the bloodshed that resulted during the 10-month old popular uprising to overthrow him. He claimed the turmoil was the result of outside forces that have been pushing their own agenda in the Arab world.
Despite the optimism surrounding Wednesday's ceremony, Yemen scholar Gregory Johnsen at Princeton University says that it's far from clear that the signing will put a decisive end to the months of violence in the country. "I think that Saleh just ran out of options and was forced to sign this, but I don't think it represents the end of the process in Yemen. President Saleh's eldest son Ahmad Ali is still in Sana'a, with a number of forces loyal to him, as are a number of his nephews. The army is still split, and the deal that the opposition made with President Saleh is not one that a majority of the protesters in the street support," he said.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Wednesday that President Saleh plans to fly to New York to continue medical treatment for burns and other injuries suffered during a bomb attack at the presidential compound in June.
Egyptian blogger Aliaa Elmahdy: Why I posed naked
Cairo, Egypt (CNN) -- Egyptian blogger Aliaa Magda Elmahdy has become a household name in the Middle East and sparked a global uproar after a friend posted a photo of her naked on Twitter.
The photo, which the 20-year-old former student first posted on her blog, shows her naked apart from a pair of thigh-high stockings and some red patent leather shoes.
It was later posted on Twitter with the hashtag #nudephotorevolutionary. The tweet was viewed over a million times, while Elmahdy's followers jumped from a few hundred to more than 14,000.
Her actions have received global media coverage and provoked outrage in Egypt, a conservative Muslim country where most women wear the veil. Many liberals fear that Elmahdy's actions will hurt their prospects in the parliamentary election next week.
I took the photo myself using a timer on my personal camera
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
Elmahdy describes herself as an atheist. She has been living for the past five months with her boyfriend, blogger Kareem Amer, who, in 2006 was sentenced to four years in a maximum security prison for criticizing Islam and defaming former president Hosni Mubarak.
Here she talks exclusively to CNN in Cairo about why she posed nude.
CNN: Why did you post a photo of yourself nude photo on Twitter, and why the red high heels and black stockings?
Elmahdy: After my photo was removed from Facebook, a male friend of mine asked me if he may post it on Twitter. I accepted because I am not shy of being a woman in a society where women are nothing but sex objects harassed on a daily basis by men who know nothing about sex or the importance of a woman.
The photo is an expression of my being and I see the human body as the best artistic representation of that. I took the photo myself using a timer on my personal camera. The powerful colors black and red inspire me.
CNN: Who is Aliaa Elmahdy inside the body portrayed in the nude photo?
Elmahdy: I like being different. I love life, art, photography and expressing my thoughts through writing more than anything. That is why I studied media and hope to take it further to the TV world too so I can expose the truth behind the lies we endure everyday in this world. I don't believe that we must have children only through marriage. It's all about love.
CNN: How have your Egyptian Muslim parents reacted? How do they feel about you living with your boyfriend unmarried?
Elmahdy: I last spoke to them 24 days back. They want to support me and get closer, especially after the photo was released, but they accuse Kareem of manipulating me. He has been my support system and has passed along their text messages to me. I dropped out of AUC (The American University in Cairo where she was a media student) months back after (my parents) attempted to control my life by threatening not to pay the fees.
CNN: The press has labeled you a revolutionary but you were not in Tahrir Square during the 18 days of the revolution in February this year. Is there a political element to you posing nude?
Most Egyptians are secretive about sex because they are brought up thinking sex is something bad and dirty
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
Elmahdy: I was never into politics. I first joined the protests on May 27th because I felt the need to participate and decided I might be able to change the future of Egypt and refused to remain silent. I made it clear that I was not part of April 6th Movement (an Egyptian political group that came to prominence during the revolution) after the rumors were spread by remnants of Mubarak's National Democratic Party who wanted to capitalize on the reaction to the photo.
What shocked me is April 6th's statement clarifying that Aliaa Magda Elmahdy is not part of their organization and how they don't accept "atheism." Where is the democracy and liberalism they preach to the world? They only feed what the public wants to hear for their political ambitions.
CNN: What do you think about the forced virginity tests performed by the Egyptian military on more than a dozen girls arrested in Tahrir Square?
Elmahdy: I consider this rape. Those men in the military who conducted these tests should be punished for allowing this to happen without the consent of the girls in the first place. Instead, the girls walk around feeling the shame and most of them are forced to remain silent.
CNN: Do you practice safe sex in your sexual revolution?
Elmahdy: Most Egyptians are secretive about sex because they are brought up thinking sex is something bad and dirty and there is no mention of it in schools. Sex to the majority is simply a man using a woman with no communication between them and children are just part of an equation. To me, sex is an expression of respect, a passion for love that culminates into sex to please both sides.
I do practice safe sex but I don't take pills because I am against abortion. I enjoyed losing my virginity at the age of 18 with a man I loved who was 40 years older than me. Kareem Amer is the second man and the love of my life. The saying suits us: "Birds of the same feather flock together"
Many women wear the veil just to escape the harassment and be able to walk the streets
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
CNN: How do you see women in the "New Egypt" and will you leave the country if the ongoing revolution fails?
Elmahdy: I am not positive at all unless a social revolution erupts. Women under Islam will always be objects to use at home. The (sexism) against women in Egypt is unreal, but I am not going anywhere and will battle it 'til the end. Many women wear the veil just to escape the harassment and be able to walk the streets. I hate how society labels gays and lesbians as abnormal people. Different is not abnormal!
CNN: What are your future plans with Kareem and will you find it hard to deal with your new notoriety?
Elmahdy: I have discovered who my real friends are, and I have Kareem who loves me passionately. He works as a media monitor and I am currently looking for a job. I embrace the simple things in life and I am a vegetarian ... I am a believer of every word I say and I am willing to live in danger under the many threats I receive in order to obtain the real freedom all Egyptian are fighting and dying for daily.
The photo, which the 20-year-old former student first posted on her blog, shows her naked apart from a pair of thigh-high stockings and some red patent leather shoes.
It was later posted on Twitter with the hashtag #nudephotorevolutionary. The tweet was viewed over a million times, while Elmahdy's followers jumped from a few hundred to more than 14,000.
Her actions have received global media coverage and provoked outrage in Egypt, a conservative Muslim country where most women wear the veil. Many liberals fear that Elmahdy's actions will hurt their prospects in the parliamentary election next week.
I took the photo myself using a timer on my personal camera
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
Elmahdy describes herself as an atheist. She has been living for the past five months with her boyfriend, blogger Kareem Amer, who, in 2006 was sentenced to four years in a maximum security prison for criticizing Islam and defaming former president Hosni Mubarak.
Here she talks exclusively to CNN in Cairo about why she posed nude.
CNN: Why did you post a photo of yourself nude photo on Twitter, and why the red high heels and black stockings?
Elmahdy: After my photo was removed from Facebook, a male friend of mine asked me if he may post it on Twitter. I accepted because I am not shy of being a woman in a society where women are nothing but sex objects harassed on a daily basis by men who know nothing about sex or the importance of a woman.
The photo is an expression of my being and I see the human body as the best artistic representation of that. I took the photo myself using a timer on my personal camera. The powerful colors black and red inspire me.
CNN: Who is Aliaa Elmahdy inside the body portrayed in the nude photo?
Elmahdy: I like being different. I love life, art, photography and expressing my thoughts through writing more than anything. That is why I studied media and hope to take it further to the TV world too so I can expose the truth behind the lies we endure everyday in this world. I don't believe that we must have children only through marriage. It's all about love.
CNN: How have your Egyptian Muslim parents reacted? How do they feel about you living with your boyfriend unmarried?
Elmahdy: I last spoke to them 24 days back. They want to support me and get closer, especially after the photo was released, but they accuse Kareem of manipulating me. He has been my support system and has passed along their text messages to me. I dropped out of AUC (The American University in Cairo where she was a media student) months back after (my parents) attempted to control my life by threatening not to pay the fees.
CNN: The press has labeled you a revolutionary but you were not in Tahrir Square during the 18 days of the revolution in February this year. Is there a political element to you posing nude?
Most Egyptians are secretive about sex because they are brought up thinking sex is something bad and dirty
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
Elmahdy: I was never into politics. I first joined the protests on May 27th because I felt the need to participate and decided I might be able to change the future of Egypt and refused to remain silent. I made it clear that I was not part of April 6th Movement (an Egyptian political group that came to prominence during the revolution) after the rumors were spread by remnants of Mubarak's National Democratic Party who wanted to capitalize on the reaction to the photo.
What shocked me is April 6th's statement clarifying that Aliaa Magda Elmahdy is not part of their organization and how they don't accept "atheism." Where is the democracy and liberalism they preach to the world? They only feed what the public wants to hear for their political ambitions.
CNN: What do you think about the forced virginity tests performed by the Egyptian military on more than a dozen girls arrested in Tahrir Square?
Elmahdy: I consider this rape. Those men in the military who conducted these tests should be punished for allowing this to happen without the consent of the girls in the first place. Instead, the girls walk around feeling the shame and most of them are forced to remain silent.
CNN: Do you practice safe sex in your sexual revolution?
Elmahdy: Most Egyptians are secretive about sex because they are brought up thinking sex is something bad and dirty and there is no mention of it in schools. Sex to the majority is simply a man using a woman with no communication between them and children are just part of an equation. To me, sex is an expression of respect, a passion for love that culminates into sex to please both sides.
I do practice safe sex but I don't take pills because I am against abortion. I enjoyed losing my virginity at the age of 18 with a man I loved who was 40 years older than me. Kareem Amer is the second man and the love of my life. The saying suits us: "Birds of the same feather flock together"
Many women wear the veil just to escape the harassment and be able to walk the streets
Aliaa Magda Elmahdy
CNN: How do you see women in the "New Egypt" and will you leave the country if the ongoing revolution fails?
Elmahdy: I am not positive at all unless a social revolution erupts. Women under Islam will always be objects to use at home. The (sexism) against women in Egypt is unreal, but I am not going anywhere and will battle it 'til the end. Many women wear the veil just to escape the harassment and be able to walk the streets. I hate how society labels gays and lesbians as abnormal people. Different is not abnormal!
CNN: What are your future plans with Kareem and will you find it hard to deal with your new notoriety?
Elmahdy: I have discovered who my real friends are, and I have Kareem who loves me passionately. He works as a media monitor and I am currently looking for a job. I embrace the simple things in life and I am a vegetarian ... I am a believer of every word I say and I am willing to live in danger under the many threats I receive in order to obtain the real freedom all Egyptian are fighting and dying for daily.
Selasa, 22 November 2011
Egypt unrest: Cairo protests continue despite military concessions
Lyse Doucet in Tahrir Square: "There has been a constant wail of ambulance sirens"
Continue reading the main story
Egypt's Revolution
Egypt protests: As it happened
Why protesters have lost faith
Q&A: Egypt's new protests
Tahrir Square symbolism
Thousands of Egyptians have continued to occupy Cairo's Tahrir Square despite an offer from the military for a speedier handover to civilian rule.
After four days of violent clashes, Field Marshall Mohamed Hussein Tantawi said presidential elections would be held by July 2012.
But many protesters in the square said the concession was not enough and have demanded the field marshal step down.
Clashes continued after dark between riot police and protesters in Cairo.
Television pictures from Tahrir Square showed ambulances arriving to pick up injured people.
According to Egypt's ministry of health, at least 30 people have been killed since Saturday and hundreds injured.
Police have been using tear gas, rubber bullets and birdshot against protesters who have been throwing stones.
Some protesters said live bullets had been fired.
Clashes have also been reported in several other Egyptian cities including Alexandria, Suez, Port Said and Aswan.
Frustration
Egypt's ruling military council had previously said presidential elections might not happen until late 2012 or 2013. That move, coupled with a draft constitution produced earlier in the month that would exempt the military and its budget from civilian oversight, prompted a mass demonstration in Tahrir Square on Friday.
Continue reading the main story
At the scene
Yolande Knell
BBC News, Cairo
As details of Egypt's military leader's speech filtered through to the crowds, protesters groaned and shook their heads.
"Irhal" or "leave" was the chant that soon went up, directed at Field Marshal Tantawi and the other generals who have ruled the country since February.
Tens of thousands of people had answered calls for another mass rally in Tahrir Square to put pressure on the military for a faster transition to civilian rule.
However many were unconvinced by the new promises made by the head of the armed forces in his 10-minute televised address.
Tahrir Square protesters remain defiant
Events turned violent when security forces attempted to remove the protesters from the square on Saturday.
Many Egyptians have become frustrated with the slow pace of political reforms since Hosni Mubarak was overthrown as president in February after a wave of mass demonstrations.
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (or Scaf) took charge after his ouster, promising to implement the transition to civilian rule.
Speaking on national TV on Tuesday, Field Marshall Tantawi, the head of Scaf, said parliamentary elections scheduled to begin on 28 November would take place as planned, despite the unrest.
Those polls, taking place over three months, are due to set in train the transition to democracy.
The military's original timetable called for the new parliament to then choose a 100-member constituent assembly to draw up a new constitution within six months.
Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi: "We do not seek power"
A referendum would then approve the document before a presidential election was held. That would mean the military remaining in power until late 2012 or early 2013.
Protesters, however, had demanded the presidential vote take place after the parliamentary elections.
'Not leaving'
The BBC's Kevin Connolly in Cairo says the army's readiness to bring forward presidential elections appears to be a major concession.
Field Marshal Tantawi said that the military was only there to protect the people and did not seek permanent power.
"The armed forces, represented by their Supreme Council, do not aspire to govern, and put the supreme interest of the country above all considerations," he said.
"They are fully prepared to immediately hand over power and to return to their original duty in protecting the homeland if that is what the people want, through a popular referendum if necessary."
He also said he had accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Essam Sharif's cabinet - appointed by the military - and that a national salvation government would take its place.
His announcement followed a day of crisis talks between the military and political leaders.
After he spoke, protesters in Tahrir Square chanted: "We are not leaving, he (Tantawi) leaves."
"We are not happy with this speech," a protester named Tamer Lokman told the BBC's Yolande Knell in Tahrir Square.
"It reminded us of those made by the former president, Hosni Mubarak when he didn't answer our demands," he said.
Continue reading the main story
Egypt's Revolution
Egypt protests: As it happened
Why protesters have lost faith
Q&A: Egypt's new protests
Tahrir Square symbolism
Thousands of Egyptians have continued to occupy Cairo's Tahrir Square despite an offer from the military for a speedier handover to civilian rule.
After four days of violent clashes, Field Marshall Mohamed Hussein Tantawi said presidential elections would be held by July 2012.
But many protesters in the square said the concession was not enough and have demanded the field marshal step down.
Clashes continued after dark between riot police and protesters in Cairo.
Television pictures from Tahrir Square showed ambulances arriving to pick up injured people.
According to Egypt's ministry of health, at least 30 people have been killed since Saturday and hundreds injured.
Police have been using tear gas, rubber bullets and birdshot against protesters who have been throwing stones.
Some protesters said live bullets had been fired.
Clashes have also been reported in several other Egyptian cities including Alexandria, Suez, Port Said and Aswan.
Frustration
Egypt's ruling military council had previously said presidential elections might not happen until late 2012 or 2013. That move, coupled with a draft constitution produced earlier in the month that would exempt the military and its budget from civilian oversight, prompted a mass demonstration in Tahrir Square on Friday.
Continue reading the main story
At the scene
Yolande Knell
BBC News, Cairo
As details of Egypt's military leader's speech filtered through to the crowds, protesters groaned and shook their heads.
"Irhal" or "leave" was the chant that soon went up, directed at Field Marshal Tantawi and the other generals who have ruled the country since February.
Tens of thousands of people had answered calls for another mass rally in Tahrir Square to put pressure on the military for a faster transition to civilian rule.
However many were unconvinced by the new promises made by the head of the armed forces in his 10-minute televised address.
Tahrir Square protesters remain defiant
Events turned violent when security forces attempted to remove the protesters from the square on Saturday.
Many Egyptians have become frustrated with the slow pace of political reforms since Hosni Mubarak was overthrown as president in February after a wave of mass demonstrations.
The Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (or Scaf) took charge after his ouster, promising to implement the transition to civilian rule.
Speaking on national TV on Tuesday, Field Marshall Tantawi, the head of Scaf, said parliamentary elections scheduled to begin on 28 November would take place as planned, despite the unrest.
Those polls, taking place over three months, are due to set in train the transition to democracy.
The military's original timetable called for the new parliament to then choose a 100-member constituent assembly to draw up a new constitution within six months.
Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi: "We do not seek power"
A referendum would then approve the document before a presidential election was held. That would mean the military remaining in power until late 2012 or early 2013.
Protesters, however, had demanded the presidential vote take place after the parliamentary elections.
'Not leaving'
The BBC's Kevin Connolly in Cairo says the army's readiness to bring forward presidential elections appears to be a major concession.
Field Marshal Tantawi said that the military was only there to protect the people and did not seek permanent power.
"The armed forces, represented by their Supreme Council, do not aspire to govern, and put the supreme interest of the country above all considerations," he said.
"They are fully prepared to immediately hand over power and to return to their original duty in protecting the homeland if that is what the people want, through a popular referendum if necessary."
He also said he had accepted the resignation of Prime Minister Essam Sharif's cabinet - appointed by the military - and that a national salvation government would take its place.
His announcement followed a day of crisis talks between the military and political leaders.
After he spoke, protesters in Tahrir Square chanted: "We are not leaving, he (Tantawi) leaves."
"We are not happy with this speech," a protester named Tamer Lokman told the BBC's Yolande Knell in Tahrir Square.
"It reminded us of those made by the former president, Hosni Mubarak when he didn't answer our demands," he said.
Senin, 21 November 2011
Philip Morris sues Australia over cigarette packaging
Tobacco giant Philip Morris is suing the Australian government over a new law making plain packaging mandatory for cigarettes from December 2012.
Australia's parliament has passed legislation that means all tobacco will need to be sold in plain olive-brown packets with graphic health warnings.
Canberra said the law was "one of the most momentous public health measures in Australia's history".
But Philip Morris Asia said the move breached a bilateral investment treaty.
It said it had served a notice of arbitration under Australia's Bilateral Investment Treaty with Hong Kong.
PMA's Australian affiliate Philip Morris Ltd (PML) will also pursue claims under Australian domestic law.
'Nanny state' claim
PMA is arguing that removing its trademarks from tobacco packaging will cut its profits and see fake brands flood the market.
Spokesperson Anne Edwards said: "The government has passed this legislation despite being unable to demonstrate that it will be effective at reducing smoking and has ignored the widespread concerns raised in Australia and internationally regarding the serious legal issues associated with plain packaging."
PMA said it wanted the legislation to be suspended. It said it would ask for compensation for the billions of dollars it said the new law would cost it.
British American Tobacco, another big cigarette company, has previously said that the legislation infringes international trademark and intellectual property laws.
Under the new law, the only thing distinguishing tobacco brands on packets will be the brand and product name in a standard colour, position, font size and style.
Australia's Minister for Health and Ageing Nicola Roxon said while the tobacco industry was "fighting to protect its profits, we are fighting to protect lives".
"We know that packaging remains one of the last powerful marketing tools for tobacco companies to recruit new smokers to their deadly products. In the future, cigarette packets will serve only as a stark reminder of the devastating health effects of smoking," she said.
Australia's parliament has passed legislation that means all tobacco will need to be sold in plain olive-brown packets with graphic health warnings.
Canberra said the law was "one of the most momentous public health measures in Australia's history".
But Philip Morris Asia said the move breached a bilateral investment treaty.
It said it had served a notice of arbitration under Australia's Bilateral Investment Treaty with Hong Kong.
PMA's Australian affiliate Philip Morris Ltd (PML) will also pursue claims under Australian domestic law.
'Nanny state' claim
PMA is arguing that removing its trademarks from tobacco packaging will cut its profits and see fake brands flood the market.
Spokesperson Anne Edwards said: "The government has passed this legislation despite being unable to demonstrate that it will be effective at reducing smoking and has ignored the widespread concerns raised in Australia and internationally regarding the serious legal issues associated with plain packaging."
PMA said it wanted the legislation to be suspended. It said it would ask for compensation for the billions of dollars it said the new law would cost it.
British American Tobacco, another big cigarette company, has previously said that the legislation infringes international trademark and intellectual property laws.
Under the new law, the only thing distinguishing tobacco brands on packets will be the brand and product name in a standard colour, position, font size and style.
Australia's Minister for Health and Ageing Nicola Roxon said while the tobacco industry was "fighting to protect its profits, we are fighting to protect lives".
"We know that packaging remains one of the last powerful marketing tools for tobacco companies to recruit new smokers to their deadly products. In the future, cigarette packets will serve only as a stark reminder of the devastating health effects of smoking," she said.
Minggu, 20 November 2011
Chelsea 1 - 2 Liverpool
Glen Johnson's late winner gave Liverpool victory as Chelsea's indifferent run of form continued.
The Reds recorded a Premier League double over Chelsea last season - and secured three points again as Johnson produced a moment of individual brilliance to clinch victory with three minutes left.
The recalled Maxi Rodriguez crowned a sweeping passing move to give the visitors a half-time lead, but Blues boss Andre Villas-Boas looked to have changed the course of the game when substitute Daniel Sturridge equalised after the interval.
Johnson made his spectacular intervention against his former club just as the points looked set to be shared, taking Charlie Adam's pass in his stride before cutting through the hosts' defence to beat Petr Cech.
Winning title will be difficult - Villas-Boas
Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish celebrated wildly on the touchline, but it was total despair for Villas-Boas as Chelsea slumped to their third loss in four Premier League games.
And of great concern to Villas-Boas will be the fact that their high-profile meetings with Manchester United, Arsenal and now Liverpool have all ended in defeat.
The Londoners stand 12 points behind leaders Manchester City and on this evidence their hopes of winning the title may have already disappeared.
Chelsea officials insisted before kick-off that reports of the first cracks surfacing in the relationship between Villas-Boas and owner Roman Abramovich were "total nonsense", but there is no question their form has deteriorated after a competent rather than spectacular start to the season.
For Liverpool, the joy at the final whistle was a world away from the jeers that greeted the goalless draw with Swansea at Anfield in their last league game.
CHELSEA'S CRUMBLING FORTRESS
Continue reading the main story
Chelsea have lost consecutive Premier League matches at Stamford Bridge for the first time since Roman Abramovich bought the club in 2003
Villas-Boas and Dalglish left £85m of striking talent on the bench as £50m Fernando Torres missed out on the chance to start against his former club and Andy Carroll was excluded from Liverpool's starting line-up.
They only made late appearances, with Torres introduced in a vain attempt to win the game for Chelsea and Carroll emerging as Liverpool tried to ensure they would hang on to their lead.
Chelsea's first-half display was lamentable but they did create an early opportunity when Juan Mata fired across the face of goal, while large sections of the Stamford Bridge crowd thought they had taken the lead when Didier Drogba's free-kick hit the side-netting.
Liverpool, in contrast, were composed and ordered with the movement of Luis Suarez and Craig Bellamy a constant threat, especially to the indisciplined David Luiz.
Chelsea were unable to pierce the visitors' midfield and the visitors went ahead after 33 minutes when Jon Obi Mikel conceded possession to Adam in dangerous territory. Suarez then found Bellamy, whose perfect pass was an open invitation for Maxi to sweep his finish past Cech.
Dalglish's side ended the opening 45 minutes in complete command - forcing Villas-Boas to respond by removing the labouring Mikel and sending on Sturridge.
Dalglish pleased with 'fantastic' Liverpool
The change was rewarded 10 minutes after the restart when Florent Malouda was allowed too much time and space to run into the area before crossing for Sturridge to tap in to an unguarded net.
As the momentum changed, Pepe Reina produced a brilliant save from Branislav Ivanovic's low header with Chelsea sensing the game was now turning in their favour.
Liverpool, for the first time, were in retreat and Malouda should have put Chelsea in front with 16 minutes left, only to scuff a finish across the face of goal with Reina exposed.
Chelsea introduced their two former Reds players, Torres and Raul Meireles, with six minutes left - but it was Dalglish's side that immediately had a chance to regain their advantage.
Substitute Jordan Henderson skipped past a succession of challenges to allow Downing to set up Dirk Kuyt who shot wastefully wide, much to Dalglish's obvious disgust.
Chelsea failed to heed the warning and Liverpool made no mistake when they created another opportunity with three minutes remaining.
Adam's raking pass found Johnson, who evaded Ashley Cole and Malouda to score with great composure and give Liverpool their latest Stamford Bridge win.
The Reds recorded a Premier League double over Chelsea last season - and secured three points again as Johnson produced a moment of individual brilliance to clinch victory with three minutes left.
The recalled Maxi Rodriguez crowned a sweeping passing move to give the visitors a half-time lead, but Blues boss Andre Villas-Boas looked to have changed the course of the game when substitute Daniel Sturridge equalised after the interval.
Johnson made his spectacular intervention against his former club just as the points looked set to be shared, taking Charlie Adam's pass in his stride before cutting through the hosts' defence to beat Petr Cech.
Winning title will be difficult - Villas-Boas
Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish celebrated wildly on the touchline, but it was total despair for Villas-Boas as Chelsea slumped to their third loss in four Premier League games.
And of great concern to Villas-Boas will be the fact that their high-profile meetings with Manchester United, Arsenal and now Liverpool have all ended in defeat.
The Londoners stand 12 points behind leaders Manchester City and on this evidence their hopes of winning the title may have already disappeared.
Chelsea officials insisted before kick-off that reports of the first cracks surfacing in the relationship between Villas-Boas and owner Roman Abramovich were "total nonsense", but there is no question their form has deteriorated after a competent rather than spectacular start to the season.
For Liverpool, the joy at the final whistle was a world away from the jeers that greeted the goalless draw with Swansea at Anfield in their last league game.
CHELSEA'S CRUMBLING FORTRESS
Continue reading the main story
Chelsea have lost consecutive Premier League matches at Stamford Bridge for the first time since Roman Abramovich bought the club in 2003
Villas-Boas and Dalglish left £85m of striking talent on the bench as £50m Fernando Torres missed out on the chance to start against his former club and Andy Carroll was excluded from Liverpool's starting line-up.
They only made late appearances, with Torres introduced in a vain attempt to win the game for Chelsea and Carroll emerging as Liverpool tried to ensure they would hang on to their lead.
Chelsea's first-half display was lamentable but they did create an early opportunity when Juan Mata fired across the face of goal, while large sections of the Stamford Bridge crowd thought they had taken the lead when Didier Drogba's free-kick hit the side-netting.
Liverpool, in contrast, were composed and ordered with the movement of Luis Suarez and Craig Bellamy a constant threat, especially to the indisciplined David Luiz.
Chelsea were unable to pierce the visitors' midfield and the visitors went ahead after 33 minutes when Jon Obi Mikel conceded possession to Adam in dangerous territory. Suarez then found Bellamy, whose perfect pass was an open invitation for Maxi to sweep his finish past Cech.
Dalglish's side ended the opening 45 minutes in complete command - forcing Villas-Boas to respond by removing the labouring Mikel and sending on Sturridge.
Dalglish pleased with 'fantastic' Liverpool
The change was rewarded 10 minutes after the restart when Florent Malouda was allowed too much time and space to run into the area before crossing for Sturridge to tap in to an unguarded net.
As the momentum changed, Pepe Reina produced a brilliant save from Branislav Ivanovic's low header with Chelsea sensing the game was now turning in their favour.
Liverpool, for the first time, were in retreat and Malouda should have put Chelsea in front with 16 minutes left, only to scuff a finish across the face of goal with Reina exposed.
Chelsea introduced their two former Reds players, Torres and Raul Meireles, with six minutes left - but it was Dalglish's side that immediately had a chance to regain their advantage.
Substitute Jordan Henderson skipped past a succession of challenges to allow Downing to set up Dirk Kuyt who shot wastefully wide, much to Dalglish's obvious disgust.
Chelsea failed to heed the warning and Liverpool made no mistake when they created another opportunity with three minutes remaining.
Adam's raking pass found Johnson, who evaded Ashley Cole and Malouda to score with great composure and give Liverpool their latest Stamford Bridge win.
Kamis, 17 November 2011
Want a Ferrari F1 car is loaded with technology More
Jakarta - As long as this is one technology that is used Ferrari Formula 1 car is the transmission system and features electronic differential. Ferrari to F1 technology more crammed in his car. What are the reasons?
As reported by Motorauthority, Friday (11/18/2011) it was to recover the cost of a used Ferrari during the race the most expensive automotive Formula 1.
Ferrari hoping once the technology was used in the car mass, could patch up the costs incurred Ferrari in F1.
On the other hand, Formula 1 provides a lot of rules that prohibit the application of F1 technology to the car. And this is actually detrimental to Ferrari.
Indeed, some aspects of the Formula cars as aerodynamic aspects can not be used on an ordinary car. With a tapered shape is very dangerous for pedestrians.
Even so, the manufacturer participating in F1 cars such as Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, Renault and McLaren certainly require this rule be relaxed. Since F1 is very expensive, and the cost of developing a prototype F1 cars it at least should be transferred in other forms so that they do not lose big.
As reported by Motorauthority, Friday (11/18/2011) it was to recover the cost of a used Ferrari during the race the most expensive automotive Formula 1.
Ferrari hoping once the technology was used in the car mass, could patch up the costs incurred Ferrari in F1.
On the other hand, Formula 1 provides a lot of rules that prohibit the application of F1 technology to the car. And this is actually detrimental to Ferrari.
Indeed, some aspects of the Formula cars as aerodynamic aspects can not be used on an ordinary car. With a tapered shape is very dangerous for pedestrians.
Even so, the manufacturer participating in F1 cars such as Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, Renault and McLaren certainly require this rule be relaxed. Since F1 is very expensive, and the cost of developing a prototype F1 cars it at least should be transferred in other forms so that they do not lose big.
Obama attends Asian summit, hails plane sales deal
Bali, Indonesia (CNN) -- President Barack Obama took part Friday in the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) economic summit and hailed an airplane sales deal between Boeing and an Indonesian airline.
Obama was in Bali, Indonesia, for the ASEAN meeting in a region that accounts for more than half of the world's GDP.
He held bilateral talks with India, the Philippines and Malaysia beforehand.
Obama helped announce a large plane order for U.S.-based Boeing to Lion Air.
"For the last several days, I've been talking about how we have to make sure that we've got a presence in this region, that it can result directly in jobs at home," Obama said in a statement. "And what we see here -- a multibillion-dollar deal between Lion Air -- one of the fastest-growing airlines not just in the region, but in the world -- and Boeing is going to result in over 100,000 jobs back in the United States of America, over a long period of time." He said more than 200 planes were in the order.
ASEAN leaders, meanwhile, agreed that Myanmar can chair the regional bloc in 2014, amid some signs of reform. Some critics say it is still too early to award the high-profile role to Myanmar, where between 600 and 1,000 political prisoners are believed to remain behind bars.
The Asian leg of Obama's trip follows two days spent in Australia, where he declared that the United States will increase its military presence and expand its role in shaping the Asia Pacific region. "Our enduring interests in the region demand our enduring presence in this region," Obama told the Australian Parliament. "The United States is a Pacific power, and we are here to stay."
He announced an agreement with Australia on Wednesday that will expand military cooperation between the longtime allies and boost America's presence in the region.
In a speech a day later, Obama made it clear that the military expansion is a top priority in the wake of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, even as the United States faces the need to reduce mounting federal deficits and debt.
"As we end today's wars, I have directed my national security team to make our presence and missions in the Asia Pacific a top priority," Obama said. "As a result, reductions in U.S. defense spending will not -- I repeat, will not -- come at the expense of the Asia Pacific."
Obama: Play larger role in Australia Obama: Lasting future alliance Obama clarifies U.S., Aussie military ties U.S., Australia strengthening ties
The speech on the second day of his two-day trip to Australia, Obama's first as president, signaled a policy objective to compete head-on with China for influence in the region while also providing security assurances for allies.
Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes told reporters that the policy comes in part from nations of the region seeking increased U.S. presence.
"The ability of the United States to help respond to contingencies is something that has been welcomed in recent years, whether, again, it was work that we're doing in the Philippines to counter violent extremism, work that we're doing to counter piracy in the region, the response to the tsunami in Indonesia," Rhodes said. "So in other words, there's a demand signal from the nations of the region, and this is something that we're doing in concert with one of our closest allies. So we believe it's not just entirely appropriate, but an important step to dealing with the challenges of the future of the Asia Pacific region."
Under the military agreement announced Wednesday, up to 250 U.S. Marines will be sent to Darwin and the northern region of Australia for military exercises and training. Over the next several years their numbers are expected to climb to 2,500 -- a full Marine ground task force.
Before departing Australia for Indonesia, the president, along with some U.S. Marines, visited a military base in Darwin. While speaking to the troops there, Obama thanked them for their service and praised the two nations' alliance, which is now 60 years old, and said he looks forward to a deepening of the alliance.
Going forward, our purpose is the same as it was 60 years ago -- "the preservation of peace and security. And in a larger sense, you're answering the question once posed by the great Banjo Paterson. Of Australia, he wrote, 'Hath she the strength for the burden laid upon her, hath she the power to protect and guard her own?'"
The president's Australian visit -- postponed twice in 2009 and 2010 due to the massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and other domestic political considerations -- highlights a changing balance of power in the Pacific as China expands its military reach and the United States works to reduce its military footprint in Japan.
Obama was in Bali, Indonesia, for the ASEAN meeting in a region that accounts for more than half of the world's GDP.
He held bilateral talks with India, the Philippines and Malaysia beforehand.
Obama helped announce a large plane order for U.S.-based Boeing to Lion Air.
"For the last several days, I've been talking about how we have to make sure that we've got a presence in this region, that it can result directly in jobs at home," Obama said in a statement. "And what we see here -- a multibillion-dollar deal between Lion Air -- one of the fastest-growing airlines not just in the region, but in the world -- and Boeing is going to result in over 100,000 jobs back in the United States of America, over a long period of time." He said more than 200 planes were in the order.
ASEAN leaders, meanwhile, agreed that Myanmar can chair the regional bloc in 2014, amid some signs of reform. Some critics say it is still too early to award the high-profile role to Myanmar, where between 600 and 1,000 political prisoners are believed to remain behind bars.
The Asian leg of Obama's trip follows two days spent in Australia, where he declared that the United States will increase its military presence and expand its role in shaping the Asia Pacific region. "Our enduring interests in the region demand our enduring presence in this region," Obama told the Australian Parliament. "The United States is a Pacific power, and we are here to stay."
He announced an agreement with Australia on Wednesday that will expand military cooperation between the longtime allies and boost America's presence in the region.
In a speech a day later, Obama made it clear that the military expansion is a top priority in the wake of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, even as the United States faces the need to reduce mounting federal deficits and debt.
"As we end today's wars, I have directed my national security team to make our presence and missions in the Asia Pacific a top priority," Obama said. "As a result, reductions in U.S. defense spending will not -- I repeat, will not -- come at the expense of the Asia Pacific."
Obama: Play larger role in Australia Obama: Lasting future alliance Obama clarifies U.S., Aussie military ties U.S., Australia strengthening ties
The speech on the second day of his two-day trip to Australia, Obama's first as president, signaled a policy objective to compete head-on with China for influence in the region while also providing security assurances for allies.
Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes told reporters that the policy comes in part from nations of the region seeking increased U.S. presence.
"The ability of the United States to help respond to contingencies is something that has been welcomed in recent years, whether, again, it was work that we're doing in the Philippines to counter violent extremism, work that we're doing to counter piracy in the region, the response to the tsunami in Indonesia," Rhodes said. "So in other words, there's a demand signal from the nations of the region, and this is something that we're doing in concert with one of our closest allies. So we believe it's not just entirely appropriate, but an important step to dealing with the challenges of the future of the Asia Pacific region."
Under the military agreement announced Wednesday, up to 250 U.S. Marines will be sent to Darwin and the northern region of Australia for military exercises and training. Over the next several years their numbers are expected to climb to 2,500 -- a full Marine ground task force.
Before departing Australia for Indonesia, the president, along with some U.S. Marines, visited a military base in Darwin. While speaking to the troops there, Obama thanked them for their service and praised the two nations' alliance, which is now 60 years old, and said he looks forward to a deepening of the alliance.
Going forward, our purpose is the same as it was 60 years ago -- "the preservation of peace and security. And in a larger sense, you're answering the question once posed by the great Banjo Paterson. Of Australia, he wrote, 'Hath she the strength for the burden laid upon her, hath she the power to protect and guard her own?'"
The president's Australian visit -- postponed twice in 2009 and 2010 due to the massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico and other domestic political considerations -- highlights a changing balance of power in the Pacific as China expands its military reach and the United States works to reduce its military footprint in Japan.
Rabu, 16 November 2011
Facebook and the fight against spammers
(CNN) -- The wave of pornographic and violent images that flooded Facebook over the past few days has drawn attention to a side of the social networking mega-site most of its users don't think about:
Facebook is a coveted prize for hackers.
"It's hard to put it into perspective as to how good a job they're doing (at preventing spam), because they have a giant target on their back," said Chester Wisniewski, a senior analyst with security firm Sophos. "They have a giant target on their back with the user base they have. Every spammer's got a dream of catching them."
In this week's attack, a hack that exploited security flaws in some Web browsers sent images of porn, Photoshopped pictures of celebrities in compromising positions and images of intense violence to millions of users, according to Facebook. Users apparently were duped into copying malicious code into their browser windows, helping the images spread.
Many Facebook users were outraged by the fact that porn made its way onto the social network. On one hand, the offensive images call into question Facebook's ability to rein in spam as it becomes more popular. On the other, it's a counterintuitive testament to Facebook's spam-fighting abilities that users were surprised to see these nasty images showing up on the social network.
If this happened on e-mail, after all, no one would blink.
Less than 4% of the content shared on the Facebook is spam, Facebook says. Compare that with e-mail, where a whopping 89% of content is spam, as CNN partner site Mashable reports.
Less than 5% of the site's members experience spam on any given day, Facebook said in October. Meanwhile, only 0.06% of its 1 billion log-ins per day are compromised, the site says. (Of course, that's still 600,000, so someone could shade that number to make it sound miniscule or huge, depending on intent.)
To Wisnieswski, the way Facebook responds to spam and other hacks is a mixed bag. Generally, he says, they're quick to jump on the big problems but slower on the day-to-day stuff.
"If it's malware-related ... scams and spam and things like that ... they're pretty good about it," he said. "They're very conscious about the fact that they don't want their users to be infected.
"But with the survey scams and things, they don't seem to be that effective."
Facebook, of course, is far more likely to agree with the former point than the latter.
Spokesman Andrew Noyes says that, on a site under virtually constant attack, the Facebook team is constantly working to protect its users.
"We believe the security fight requires a multipronged approach," he said. "In addition to our dedicated legal team, Facebook also has security experts and engineers focused on the integrity of the site. We're continuing to build systems to prevent and respond to spam attacks. Our User Operations team also works around the clock to identify problems and assist those affected."
Noyes said Facebook's security team has identified the hackers behind this week's attack and are "working with our legal team to ensure appropriate consequences follow."
In recent months, the site has launched several public tools and initiatives trying to stay ahead of the inevitable attacks.
Last month, Facebook announced two tools it's testing: Trusted Friends and App Passwords. Trusted Friends would help users get back into their account if their password is changed without their knowledge. App Passwords would add a layer of security when users approve third-party apps.
This summer, Facebook launched a "Bug Bounty" program that pays people for reporting security problems, and a suite of security tools rolled out in May includes "clickjacking" protection and remote log-ins. In January, users got the ability to surf Facebook with a secure browser setting.
"We work regularly with analysts, engineers, fraud experts, and security investigators to prevent abuse, defeat criminals, and help maintain Facebook as a trusted environment," Noyes said in an email.
In fact, there are some built-in advantages to the way Facebook works that help keep the level of spam lower than with e-mail, a relative Wild West for spammers and scammers.
As he pondered upcoming changes to Facebook messaging last year, Craigslist founder Craig Newmark noted in a blog post that the site's requirements for creating an account help.
"The deal is that a Facebook identity (profile) pretty much ensures that there's a real person behind it," Newmark wrote. "It's possible to fake a Facebook identity, but it's a fair amount of work, way more expensive than getting a new Gmail or Hotmail account."
While acknowledging those efforts, Wisnewski says there are still some holes in Facebook's security game.
A major one, he says, is the Facebook app development process.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has publicly celebrated the millions of third-party app developers registered with the site. But that means there are millions of people who get expanded access to Facebook data just for paying a nominal fee.
"Because Facebook doesn't verify anything about you or have any human review process at all ... we see these guys create hundreds of developer accounts for the same scam," he said.
Wisnewski also wishes Facebook would add additional layers of security every time users start up an app.
"If they really want to get a grip on this, there are a few things they could do -- but the things they could do, by Zuckerberg's worldview, would slow down innovation."
All that said, Facebook has a track record of aggressively going after scammers and spammers once they're caught.
In August, self-proclaimed "Spam King" Sanford Wallace was indicted in a California court. Two years ago, Facebook sued him and a federal court ordered him to pay $711 million.
Previously, Facebook won a $360 million judgment against spammer Philip Porembski and, in 2008, was awarded the largest award ever under federal anti-spam laws -- $873 million -- after suing Adam Guerbuez and Atlantis Blue Capital for sending objectionable images on the site, according to news reports.
Facebook is a coveted prize for hackers.
"It's hard to put it into perspective as to how good a job they're doing (at preventing spam), because they have a giant target on their back," said Chester Wisniewski, a senior analyst with security firm Sophos. "They have a giant target on their back with the user base they have. Every spammer's got a dream of catching them."
In this week's attack, a hack that exploited security flaws in some Web browsers sent images of porn, Photoshopped pictures of celebrities in compromising positions and images of intense violence to millions of users, according to Facebook. Users apparently were duped into copying malicious code into their browser windows, helping the images spread.
Many Facebook users were outraged by the fact that porn made its way onto the social network. On one hand, the offensive images call into question Facebook's ability to rein in spam as it becomes more popular. On the other, it's a counterintuitive testament to Facebook's spam-fighting abilities that users were surprised to see these nasty images showing up on the social network.
If this happened on e-mail, after all, no one would blink.
Less than 4% of the content shared on the Facebook is spam, Facebook says. Compare that with e-mail, where a whopping 89% of content is spam, as CNN partner site Mashable reports.
Less than 5% of the site's members experience spam on any given day, Facebook said in October. Meanwhile, only 0.06% of its 1 billion log-ins per day are compromised, the site says. (Of course, that's still 600,000, so someone could shade that number to make it sound miniscule or huge, depending on intent.)
To Wisnieswski, the way Facebook responds to spam and other hacks is a mixed bag. Generally, he says, they're quick to jump on the big problems but slower on the day-to-day stuff.
"If it's malware-related ... scams and spam and things like that ... they're pretty good about it," he said. "They're very conscious about the fact that they don't want their users to be infected.
"But with the survey scams and things, they don't seem to be that effective."
Facebook, of course, is far more likely to agree with the former point than the latter.
Spokesman Andrew Noyes says that, on a site under virtually constant attack, the Facebook team is constantly working to protect its users.
"We believe the security fight requires a multipronged approach," he said. "In addition to our dedicated legal team, Facebook also has security experts and engineers focused on the integrity of the site. We're continuing to build systems to prevent and respond to spam attacks. Our User Operations team also works around the clock to identify problems and assist those affected."
Noyes said Facebook's security team has identified the hackers behind this week's attack and are "working with our legal team to ensure appropriate consequences follow."
In recent months, the site has launched several public tools and initiatives trying to stay ahead of the inevitable attacks.
Last month, Facebook announced two tools it's testing: Trusted Friends and App Passwords. Trusted Friends would help users get back into their account if their password is changed without their knowledge. App Passwords would add a layer of security when users approve third-party apps.
This summer, Facebook launched a "Bug Bounty" program that pays people for reporting security problems, and a suite of security tools rolled out in May includes "clickjacking" protection and remote log-ins. In January, users got the ability to surf Facebook with a secure browser setting.
"We work regularly with analysts, engineers, fraud experts, and security investigators to prevent abuse, defeat criminals, and help maintain Facebook as a trusted environment," Noyes said in an email.
In fact, there are some built-in advantages to the way Facebook works that help keep the level of spam lower than with e-mail, a relative Wild West for spammers and scammers.
As he pondered upcoming changes to Facebook messaging last year, Craigslist founder Craig Newmark noted in a blog post that the site's requirements for creating an account help.
"The deal is that a Facebook identity (profile) pretty much ensures that there's a real person behind it," Newmark wrote. "It's possible to fake a Facebook identity, but it's a fair amount of work, way more expensive than getting a new Gmail or Hotmail account."
While acknowledging those efforts, Wisnewski says there are still some holes in Facebook's security game.
A major one, he says, is the Facebook app development process.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has publicly celebrated the millions of third-party app developers registered with the site. But that means there are millions of people who get expanded access to Facebook data just for paying a nominal fee.
"Because Facebook doesn't verify anything about you or have any human review process at all ... we see these guys create hundreds of developer accounts for the same scam," he said.
Wisnewski also wishes Facebook would add additional layers of security every time users start up an app.
"If they really want to get a grip on this, there are a few things they could do -- but the things they could do, by Zuckerberg's worldview, would slow down innovation."
All that said, Facebook has a track record of aggressively going after scammers and spammers once they're caught.
In August, self-proclaimed "Spam King" Sanford Wallace was indicted in a California court. Two years ago, Facebook sued him and a federal court ordered him to pay $711 million.
Previously, Facebook won a $360 million judgment against spammer Philip Porembski and, in 2008, was awarded the largest award ever under federal anti-spam laws -- $873 million -- after suing Adam Guerbuez and Atlantis Blue Capital for sending objectionable images on the site, according to news reports.
Google Music Start Broadcasting
LOS ANGELES, KOMPAS.com - Competition between Google and Apple be more open after the launch of Google Music as a service of digital music sales. This new service will be a competitor, good for Apple's iTunes and similar services from Amazon.
Online music sales service by Google that opened on Wednesday (11/16/2011) or eight years after Apple released its iTunes service.
"Today we announce, you can buy millions of songs from the Android Market," said Google Product Manager Paul Joyce in a press conference in Los Angeles on Wednesday.
For a while, this new service available free in the United States. Digital songs can be enjoyed through the Android Market, Android-based phones, while applying the service for Android tablet PCs will soon be opened. Android users also have the opportunity to upload songs from your Android device.
This service was established in cooperation with Google's top three music labels, namely Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group and EMI Music. Google will provide 8 million songs from all three music industry and will membanderolnya a price of 99 cents to 1.29 dollars for each song downloaded.
"Working closely with Google in the sale of our songs is a breakthrough. We hope this will be a source of new revenue for our artists," said Robert Wells as President of Global Digital Business at Universal Music.
Online music sales service by Google that opened on Wednesday (11/16/2011) or eight years after Apple released its iTunes service.
"Today we announce, you can buy millions of songs from the Android Market," said Google Product Manager Paul Joyce in a press conference in Los Angeles on Wednesday.
For a while, this new service available free in the United States. Digital songs can be enjoyed through the Android Market, Android-based phones, while applying the service for Android tablet PCs will soon be opened. Android users also have the opportunity to upload songs from your Android device.
This service was established in cooperation with Google's top three music labels, namely Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group and EMI Music. Google will provide 8 million songs from all three music industry and will membanderolnya a price of 99 cents to 1.29 dollars for each song downloaded.
"Working closely with Google in the sale of our songs is a breakthrough. We hope this will be a source of new revenue for our artists," said Robert Wells as President of Global Digital Business at Universal Music.
FIFA chief Blatter: There is no on-field racism in football
(CNN) -- FIFA president Sepp Blatter has told CNN he believes there is no on-field racism in football and that players who think they have been abused should simply say "this is a game."
The head of world soccer insisted FIFA had been tireless in their efforts to combat the specter of racism in football but suggested any player who is abused during a game should shake hands with their opponent upon the final whistle and move on.
The football authorities in England are currently dealing with two high-profile allegations of player-on-player racism, involving Chelsea and England captain John Terry and Liverpool's Uruguayan striker Luis Suarez. Both players deny the claims.
When asked by CNN World Sport anchor Pedro Pinto if racism exists on the field of play Blatter said: "I would deny it.
Blatter comments spark Twitter fury
"There is no racism, there is maybe one of the players towards the other, he has a word or a gesture which is not the correct one, but also the one who is affected by that, he should say it's a game, we are in a game.
Racism in football
"At the end of the game, we shake hands, this can happen, because we have worked so hard against racism and discrimination."
This year has also seen allegations of high-profile racism by fans.
Former Brazil defender Robert Carlos walked off the pitch during a Russian league match after a banana was thrown at him from the stands, while the Malaysian Football Association was forced to apologize to Chelsea in July when their Israeli midfielder Yossi Benayoun was subject to racial slurs during a pre-season encounter.
CNN Blog: How should football tackle racism?
On Wednesday the English Football Association (FA) announced they had charged Liverpool player Suarez over a clash with Manchester United's Patrice Evra during an English Premier League match in October.
Evra alleged the Uruguayan had aimed racial taunts at him -- a claim Suarez denies.
On the field of play sometimes you say something that is not very correct but then .. the game is over and you have the next game where you can behave better
Sepp Blatter, FIFA president
In a statement on their official web site the FA said Suarez is alleged to have used abusive language towards his opponent, including "a reference to the ethnic origin and/or color and/or race" of Evra.
London's Metropolitan Police is investigating allegations that Terry racially abused Queens Park Rangers defender Anton Ferdinand during an English Premier League match last month. Terry denies the allegations.
In his interview with CNN, Blatter, who was re-elected unopposed as the head of world football despite allegations of corruption surrounding the voting process for the right to host the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, championed his organization's commitment to tackling racism.
"I think the whole world is aware of the efforts we are making against racism and discrimination," he added.
"And, on the field of play sometimes you say something that is not very correct, but then at the end of the game, the game is over and you have the next game where you can behave better."
Blatter's comments provoked an immediate response within soccer.
Manchester United's Rio Ferdinand, brother of Anton, took to Twitter to say: "Tell me I have just read Sepp Blatter's comments on racism in football wrong .... if not then I am astonished.
I feel stupid for thinking that football was taking a leading role against racism. It seems it was just on mute for a while
Rio Ferdinand, Manchester United
"I feel stupid for thinking that football was taking a leading role against racism ..... it seems it was just on mute for a while."
The 'Kick It Out' campaign, who work to eradicate racism from football in England and Europe, said Blatter's comments were "worryingly out of touch."
A statement from Blatter was later posted on FIFA's official web site, in which he sought to clarify his comments. It read: "I would like to make it very clear, I am committed to the fight against racism and any type of discrimination in football and in society.
"My comments have been misunderstood. What I wanted to express is that, as football players, during a match, you have "battles" with your opponents, and sometimes things are done which are wrong.
"But, normally, at the end of the match, you apologize to your opponent if you had a confrontation during the match, you shake hands, and when the game is over, it is over. Anyone who has played a football match, or a match in any sport, knows that this is the case.
"Having said that, I want to stress again that I do not want to diminish the dimension of the problem of racism in society and in sport. I am committed to fighting this plague and kicking it out of football."
The head of world soccer insisted FIFA had been tireless in their efforts to combat the specter of racism in football but suggested any player who is abused during a game should shake hands with their opponent upon the final whistle and move on.
The football authorities in England are currently dealing with two high-profile allegations of player-on-player racism, involving Chelsea and England captain John Terry and Liverpool's Uruguayan striker Luis Suarez. Both players deny the claims.
When asked by CNN World Sport anchor Pedro Pinto if racism exists on the field of play Blatter said: "I would deny it.
Blatter comments spark Twitter fury
"There is no racism, there is maybe one of the players towards the other, he has a word or a gesture which is not the correct one, but also the one who is affected by that, he should say it's a game, we are in a game.
Racism in football
"At the end of the game, we shake hands, this can happen, because we have worked so hard against racism and discrimination."
This year has also seen allegations of high-profile racism by fans.
Former Brazil defender Robert Carlos walked off the pitch during a Russian league match after a banana was thrown at him from the stands, while the Malaysian Football Association was forced to apologize to Chelsea in July when their Israeli midfielder Yossi Benayoun was subject to racial slurs during a pre-season encounter.
CNN Blog: How should football tackle racism?
On Wednesday the English Football Association (FA) announced they had charged Liverpool player Suarez over a clash with Manchester United's Patrice Evra during an English Premier League match in October.
Evra alleged the Uruguayan had aimed racial taunts at him -- a claim Suarez denies.
On the field of play sometimes you say something that is not very correct but then .. the game is over and you have the next game where you can behave better
Sepp Blatter, FIFA president
In a statement on their official web site the FA said Suarez is alleged to have used abusive language towards his opponent, including "a reference to the ethnic origin and/or color and/or race" of Evra.
London's Metropolitan Police is investigating allegations that Terry racially abused Queens Park Rangers defender Anton Ferdinand during an English Premier League match last month. Terry denies the allegations.
In his interview with CNN, Blatter, who was re-elected unopposed as the head of world football despite allegations of corruption surrounding the voting process for the right to host the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, championed his organization's commitment to tackling racism.
"I think the whole world is aware of the efforts we are making against racism and discrimination," he added.
"And, on the field of play sometimes you say something that is not very correct, but then at the end of the game, the game is over and you have the next game where you can behave better."
Blatter's comments provoked an immediate response within soccer.
Manchester United's Rio Ferdinand, brother of Anton, took to Twitter to say: "Tell me I have just read Sepp Blatter's comments on racism in football wrong .... if not then I am astonished.
I feel stupid for thinking that football was taking a leading role against racism. It seems it was just on mute for a while
Rio Ferdinand, Manchester United
"I feel stupid for thinking that football was taking a leading role against racism ..... it seems it was just on mute for a while."
The 'Kick It Out' campaign, who work to eradicate racism from football in England and Europe, said Blatter's comments were "worryingly out of touch."
A statement from Blatter was later posted on FIFA's official web site, in which he sought to clarify his comments. It read: "I would like to make it very clear, I am committed to the fight against racism and any type of discrimination in football and in society.
"My comments have been misunderstood. What I wanted to express is that, as football players, during a match, you have "battles" with your opponents, and sometimes things are done which are wrong.
"But, normally, at the end of the match, you apologize to your opponent if you had a confrontation during the match, you shake hands, and when the game is over, it is over. Anyone who has played a football match, or a match in any sport, knows that this is the case.
"Having said that, I want to stress again that I do not want to diminish the dimension of the problem of racism in society and in sport. I am committed to fighting this plague and kicking it out of football."
Selasa, 15 November 2011
Facebook tries to make Salman Rushdie change his name to Ahmed
(CNN) -- Need more evidence that Facebook's real-name-only policy has its flaws? Well, here you go:
A few days ago, Facebook allegedly kicked famous author Salman Rushdie off of its social network, and then asked him to change his posted name to Ahmed if he wanted to return.
Rushdie -- known for his outspokenness -- went on a rant about the incident on Twitter, where he has more than 100,000 followers. Facebook eventually "buckled," he wrote Monday.
Here's a play-by-play of what happened, according to Rushdie's Twitter feed, which I condensed:
"Amazing. 2 days ago FB deactivated my page saying they didn't believe I was me. I had to send a photo of my passport page," he wrote. "Then they said yes, I was me, but insisted I use the name Ahmed which appears before Salman on my passport and which I have never used.
"Now they have reactivated my FB page as 'Ahmed Rushdie,' in spite of the world knowing me as Salman. Morons. @MarkZuckerbergF? Are you listening?"
Facebook did not respond to CNN's request for comment on the incident.
On Tuesday, his Facebook page, with "Salman" as his first name, appeared to have been reactivated by the social network.
Rushdie rose to international notoriety in the 1980s after his novel, "The Satanic Verses," stirred protests throughout the Muslim world. The Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran issued a fatwa against Rushdie because of the book.
His recent tussle raises issues with Facebook's policy of requiring people to use their real names when registering with the social network. People who don't use their real names are found to be out of compliance with Facebook's rules and can have their accounts deactivated.
"Facebook users provide their real names and information, and we need your help to keep it that way," Facebook's terms of service document says.
Rushdie's situation shows how difficult it can be for people to prove who they are. He submitted his passport to Facebook, he wrote, and still had problems.
Supporters of democratic protests in the Middle East and elsewhere have criticized Facebook and other social networks like Google+ for their real-name policies, saying they prevent people from organizing against authoritarian governments that could use a network like Facebook to crack down.
If they could use pseudonyms, they would be safer, some say.
"There are myriad reasons why individuals may wish to use a name other than the one they were born with," Jillian York wrote on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's blog in July. "They may be concerned about threats to their lives or livelihoods, or they may risk political or economic retribution. They may wish to prevent discrimination or they may use a name that's easier to pronounce or spell in a given culture."
Facebook always has maintained its position as an "identity network." A core philosophy of the site is that people should be themselves -- and should be accountable for their posts with their real names.
Rushdie's case shows how tricky enforcement can be, though.
"This is the sort of thing that makes you wonder what real names policy is all about," Alexis Madrigal wrote on The Atlantic's website. He added: "Seriously, what is the point of forcing Salman Rushdie to go by Ahmed Rushdie? How does this benefit the social Web?"
Rushdie taunted Facebook on Twitter before the site relented and reposted his page.
"Dear #Facebook, forcing me to change my FB name from Salman to Ahmed Rushdie is like forcing J. Edgar to become John Hoover," he wrote. "Or, if F. Scott Fitzgerald was on #Facebook, would they force him to be Francis Fitzgerald? What about F. Murray Abraham?"
He later declared his win over the social network:
"Victory! #Facebook has buckled! I'm Salman Rushdie again. I feel SO much better. An identity crisis at my age is no fun. Thank you Twitter!"
A few days ago, Facebook allegedly kicked famous author Salman Rushdie off of its social network, and then asked him to change his posted name to Ahmed if he wanted to return.
Rushdie -- known for his outspokenness -- went on a rant about the incident on Twitter, where he has more than 100,000 followers. Facebook eventually "buckled," he wrote Monday.
Here's a play-by-play of what happened, according to Rushdie's Twitter feed, which I condensed:
"Amazing. 2 days ago FB deactivated my page saying they didn't believe I was me. I had to send a photo of my passport page," he wrote. "Then they said yes, I was me, but insisted I use the name Ahmed which appears before Salman on my passport and which I have never used.
"Now they have reactivated my FB page as 'Ahmed Rushdie,' in spite of the world knowing me as Salman. Morons. @MarkZuckerbergF? Are you listening?"
Facebook did not respond to CNN's request for comment on the incident.
On Tuesday, his Facebook page, with "Salman" as his first name, appeared to have been reactivated by the social network.
Rushdie rose to international notoriety in the 1980s after his novel, "The Satanic Verses," stirred protests throughout the Muslim world. The Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran issued a fatwa against Rushdie because of the book.
His recent tussle raises issues with Facebook's policy of requiring people to use their real names when registering with the social network. People who don't use their real names are found to be out of compliance with Facebook's rules and can have their accounts deactivated.
"Facebook users provide their real names and information, and we need your help to keep it that way," Facebook's terms of service document says.
Rushdie's situation shows how difficult it can be for people to prove who they are. He submitted his passport to Facebook, he wrote, and still had problems.
Supporters of democratic protests in the Middle East and elsewhere have criticized Facebook and other social networks like Google+ for their real-name policies, saying they prevent people from organizing against authoritarian governments that could use a network like Facebook to crack down.
If they could use pseudonyms, they would be safer, some say.
"There are myriad reasons why individuals may wish to use a name other than the one they were born with," Jillian York wrote on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's blog in July. "They may be concerned about threats to their lives or livelihoods, or they may risk political or economic retribution. They may wish to prevent discrimination or they may use a name that's easier to pronounce or spell in a given culture."
Facebook always has maintained its position as an "identity network." A core philosophy of the site is that people should be themselves -- and should be accountable for their posts with their real names.
Rushdie's case shows how tricky enforcement can be, though.
"This is the sort of thing that makes you wonder what real names policy is all about," Alexis Madrigal wrote on The Atlantic's website. He added: "Seriously, what is the point of forcing Salman Rushdie to go by Ahmed Rushdie? How does this benefit the social Web?"
Rushdie taunted Facebook on Twitter before the site relented and reposted his page.
"Dear #Facebook, forcing me to change my FB name from Salman to Ahmed Rushdie is like forcing J. Edgar to become John Hoover," he wrote. "Or, if F. Scott Fitzgerald was on #Facebook, would they force him to be Francis Fitzgerald? What about F. Murray Abraham?"
He later declared his win over the social network:
"Victory! #Facebook has buckled! I'm Salman Rushdie again. I feel SO much better. An identity crisis at my age is no fun. Thank you Twitter!"
Senin, 14 November 2011
Rio's slum faces challenges after police pacification
Rio de Janeiro (CNN) -- Rio de Janeiro's special forces moved quickly and didn't stop to chat Monday as they peered in windows and knocked on doors in Rocinha, the city's biggest shantytown.
In a predawn raid the day before, 3,000 troops seized control of the hilltop favela, wresting from the hands of drug traffickers. They declared victory in just two hours, without firing a single shot.
"Today a lot of the drug dealers are gone," said Luis Machado, one of the officers in charge of the door-to-door searches. "Others are hidden. And it's now that we're going to find them and the weapons."
The massive operation was part of efforts secure Rio de Janeiro and eliminate bloody drug gangs ahead of the 2014 World Cup and the Olympic Games two years later.
For many of Rocinha's 100,000 residents, it was business as usual on Monday.
Food stalls displayed strings of garlic and onions while motorcycle taxis zipped up and down the winding roads.
"Thank god it's over," said Giovani, a food vendor. "It's 100% better. It's better than normal."
Police raid notorious Rio shantytown Rio police storm city's largest slum
Rocinha's top drug trafficker, Antonio Francisco Bomfim, known as Nem, was captured by police last week, days before the invasion.
According to residents, a three-story house overlooking the shantytown and beachside condominiums below had been his home until his arrest.
Inside, all appliances and even bathroom fixtures had been ripped out, but the signs of luxury are evident, including a small pool and private gym. An empty bottle of Black Label whiskey sits on the glass bar.
Still, in many ways, the hard work has only just begun.
Mountains of trash line the streets, and tangled masses of electrical wires dangle over houses.
"Before this was called a favela because it was full of criminals," said Juliete, an 18-year-old physical trainer. "Now things have to be done to call it a neighborhood. We need running water, proper sewage and things for young people to do."
Raimundo Cesario, who has lived in Rocinha for 40 years, agreed.
"The system trapped young people in a life of crime. But it's also true that they helped people when they needed it," he said. "We'll have to see if things are better or worse under the police."
In a predawn raid the day before, 3,000 troops seized control of the hilltop favela, wresting from the hands of drug traffickers. They declared victory in just two hours, without firing a single shot.
"Today a lot of the drug dealers are gone," said Luis Machado, one of the officers in charge of the door-to-door searches. "Others are hidden. And it's now that we're going to find them and the weapons."
The massive operation was part of efforts secure Rio de Janeiro and eliminate bloody drug gangs ahead of the 2014 World Cup and the Olympic Games two years later.
For many of Rocinha's 100,000 residents, it was business as usual on Monday.
Food stalls displayed strings of garlic and onions while motorcycle taxis zipped up and down the winding roads.
"Thank god it's over," said Giovani, a food vendor. "It's 100% better. It's better than normal."
Police raid notorious Rio shantytown Rio police storm city's largest slum
Rocinha's top drug trafficker, Antonio Francisco Bomfim, known as Nem, was captured by police last week, days before the invasion.
According to residents, a three-story house overlooking the shantytown and beachside condominiums below had been his home until his arrest.
Inside, all appliances and even bathroom fixtures had been ripped out, but the signs of luxury are evident, including a small pool and private gym. An empty bottle of Black Label whiskey sits on the glass bar.
Still, in many ways, the hard work has only just begun.
Mountains of trash line the streets, and tangled masses of electrical wires dangle over houses.
"Before this was called a favela because it was full of criminals," said Juliete, an 18-year-old physical trainer. "Now things have to be done to call it a neighborhood. We need running water, proper sewage and things for young people to do."
Raimundo Cesario, who has lived in Rocinha for 40 years, agreed.
"The system trapped young people in a life of crime. But it's also true that they helped people when they needed it," he said. "We'll have to see if things are better or worse under the police."
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Obama: Asia-Pacific Region Critical to US Economic Recovery
In the Pacific state of Hawaii, U.S. President Barack Obama on Sunday told leaders of the 21 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation economies that the region will be key to U.S. economic recovery.
With much of the formal summit activity, including a working lunch, concentrated over a few hours, Mr. Obama underscored the importance of APEC's trade liberalization priorities for the global economy and the United States.
Addressing the opening session, the president said the nearly three billion people in 21 APEC countries are looking to the three-decade-old organization to create opportunities through expanded trade that will boost economic growth and create jobs.
APEC's goals of slashing tariffs and removing trade barriers, Mr. Obama said, are critical for the U.S. economic recovery. "The Asia-Pacific region is absolutely critical to America's economic growth. We consider it a top priority. And we consider it a top priority because we are not going to be able to put our folks back to work and grow our economy and expand opportunity, unless the Asia-Pacific region is also successful," he said.
Mr. Obama said the region is key to his objective of doubling U.S. exports, adding that APEC economies need to work together to spur "quicker, sturdy and sustainable" economic growth.
A final APEC statement is expected to point to progress toward creating what Mr. Obama referred to as a "seamless regional economy," with agreements aimed at boosting trade and investment by promoting "green" jobs, innovation, and streamlining and coordinating regulations.
The United States and eight other APEC nations already have announced agreement on "broad outlines" to create a new Trans-Pacific Partnership trade group, or TPP, that Mr. Obama says would be a model for broader open regional trade.
In addition to the United States, other TPP participants include Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. China has been critical of the grouping, saying it reflects protectionist tendencies in APEC.
U.S. officials say Mr. Obama was expected to hold additional talks on the sidelines of the summit with Chinese President Hu Jintao. In their main meeting on Saturday, the two men discussed trade and differences over China's currency policies.
The issue of Iran's nuclear program and a recent International Atomic Energy Agency report that provided evidence of secret Iranian weapons development efforts have also been a focus of Mr. Obama's meetings with the leaders of China and Russia.
U.S. officials say China and Russia remain supportive of continuing diplomatic steps aimed at preventing Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapons capability.
Mr. Obama says that he and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev agreed to work to "shape a common response" on Iran against the backdrop of the nuclear report. U.S. officials say consultations will continue about the next steps to increase pressure on Tehran.
With much of the formal summit activity, including a working lunch, concentrated over a few hours, Mr. Obama underscored the importance of APEC's trade liberalization priorities for the global economy and the United States.
Addressing the opening session, the president said the nearly three billion people in 21 APEC countries are looking to the three-decade-old organization to create opportunities through expanded trade that will boost economic growth and create jobs.
APEC's goals of slashing tariffs and removing trade barriers, Mr. Obama said, are critical for the U.S. economic recovery. "The Asia-Pacific region is absolutely critical to America's economic growth. We consider it a top priority. And we consider it a top priority because we are not going to be able to put our folks back to work and grow our economy and expand opportunity, unless the Asia-Pacific region is also successful," he said.
Mr. Obama said the region is key to his objective of doubling U.S. exports, adding that APEC economies need to work together to spur "quicker, sturdy and sustainable" economic growth.
A final APEC statement is expected to point to progress toward creating what Mr. Obama referred to as a "seamless regional economy," with agreements aimed at boosting trade and investment by promoting "green" jobs, innovation, and streamlining and coordinating regulations.
The United States and eight other APEC nations already have announced agreement on "broad outlines" to create a new Trans-Pacific Partnership trade group, or TPP, that Mr. Obama says would be a model for broader open regional trade.
In addition to the United States, other TPP participants include Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. China has been critical of the grouping, saying it reflects protectionist tendencies in APEC.
U.S. officials say Mr. Obama was expected to hold additional talks on the sidelines of the summit with Chinese President Hu Jintao. In their main meeting on Saturday, the two men discussed trade and differences over China's currency policies.
The issue of Iran's nuclear program and a recent International Atomic Energy Agency report that provided evidence of secret Iranian weapons development efforts have also been a focus of Mr. Obama's meetings with the leaders of China and Russia.
U.S. officials say China and Russia remain supportive of continuing diplomatic steps aimed at preventing Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapons capability.
Mr. Obama says that he and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev agreed to work to "shape a common response" on Iran against the backdrop of the nuclear report. U.S. officials say consultations will continue about the next steps to increase pressure on Tehran.
Italy crisis: Mario Monti appointed new PM-designate
Mario Monti has been asked to form a new Italian government to tackle an acute debt crisis which prompted the resignation of Silvio Berlusconi.
Mr Monti, an ex-EU commissioner, said he was starting urgent talks on his cabinet, aiming to restore finances.
Most parties, including Mr Berlusconi's, approved his nomination.
Italy's borrowing costs have spiked, threatening the eurozone. Hailing Mr Monti's appointment, EU leaders vowed to monitor Italy's austerity measures.
Mr Monti's candidature was announced after President Giorgio Napolitano spent the day in 17 meetings with senior politicians.
Speaking to reporters shortly afterwards, Mr Monti said Italy should be an "element of strength and not weakness" within the EU.
"We will aim at solving the financial situation, resume the path of growth. [We want to build] a future of dignity and hope for our children."
Continue reading the main story
Analysis
Karin Giannone
BBC News, Rome
Mario Monti did mention reservations, though it's not clear what he meant by that. He wants to provide an air of real sincerity about what is to come and his dedication to that. So we will see exactly what that means in terms of when he will go back to the president once he has eliminated those reservations.
He gave a rousing speech, which highlights what we have heard from either side of the political spectrum, that Italy is not essentially a financial disaster.
Mr Monti is hinting that he wants to restore Italy's reputation financially to match the size of its economy rather than the down talk about the credibility it has had over recent months.
Mr Monti said he would respect the country's parliament and hold urgent consultations with its political forces.
He refused to set a timetable for the formation of a new government, and would not say who he planned to nominate as ministers. But he said consultations would start on Monday.
Mr Napolitano said the nomination was not about overturning the result of the elections of 2008 - but Italy needed a government that "could unite the diverse political forces in an extraordinary effort warranted by the current financial and economic emergency".
Asked about the lifespan of a Monti government, Mr Napolitano said this depended on "the actions of the government, the reaction of the economy, of the markets, investors, of the European and international institutions".
'Encouraging signal'
Speaking in a recorded TV address, Mr Berlusconi said he would support a technocrat government and redouble his own efforts in parliament to modernise Italy.
Most centrists and centre-left parties in the opposition have already pledged their support.
However, Mr Berlusconi's main coalition ally, the Northern League, has withheld its support until Mr Monti's policies have become clear.
Mr Berlusconi, who had lost his parliamentary majority, resigned on Saturday after new austerity measures were passed by both houses of parliament.
Silvio Berlusconi: "Millions in Italy know my government did whatever we could to protect them."
In Brussels, European Commission chief Jose Manuel Barroso and EU President Herman Van Rompuy issued a joint statement welcoming Mr Monti's appointment.
It sent "a further encouraging signal... of the Italian authorities' determination to overcome the current crisis", they said.
The Commission, they added, would continue monitoring "the implementation of measures taken by Italy with the aim of pursuing policies that foster growth and employment".
Mr Monti's appointment comes two days after Greece, under even greater pressure from Brussels, inaugurated a technocrat government to cope with its debt problems.
Popular opposition
Continue reading the main story
Mario Monti
Born in 1943 in northern Italy
Taught economics at Turin University for 15 years
1994-1999: EU commissioner for internal market
1999-2004: EU commissioner for competition
Rector then president of top Bocconi University in Milan
On 11 November 2011, sworn in as a senator for life
13 November: Nominated PM-designate
Profile: Mario Monti
Mr Monti, a well respected economist, is exactly the sort of man that the markets would like to see take charge at this time of crisis, says the BBC's Alan Johnston in Rome, and he has support in many quarters.
But there is significant opposition to him within the country, and a feeling that Italy's troubles are just too deep for a mere change of government to make any rapid, significant difference.
The austerity package foresees 59.8bn euros in savings from a mixture of spending cuts and tax rises, with the aim of balancing the budget by 2014. Measures include:
An increase in VAT, from 20% to 21%
An increase in fuel prices
Sales of state property
A freeze on public-sector salaries until 2014
The retirement age for women in the private sector will gradually rise, from 60 in 2014 until it reaches 65 in 2026, the same age as for men
Measures to fight tax evasion will be strengthened, including a limit of 2,500 euros on cash transactions
There will be a special tax on the energy sector
On Wednesday, the interest rate on 10-year Italian government bonds briefly passed 7%, the rate at which Greece, Ireland and Portugal were forced to seek bailouts from the EU.
An EU team has begun work in Rome, monitoring how Italy plans to cut its debt burden, 120% of annual economic output (GDP).
The Italian economy has grown at an average of 0.75% a year over the past 15 years.
Mr Monti, an ex-EU commissioner, said he was starting urgent talks on his cabinet, aiming to restore finances.
Most parties, including Mr Berlusconi's, approved his nomination.
Italy's borrowing costs have spiked, threatening the eurozone. Hailing Mr Monti's appointment, EU leaders vowed to monitor Italy's austerity measures.
Mr Monti's candidature was announced after President Giorgio Napolitano spent the day in 17 meetings with senior politicians.
Speaking to reporters shortly afterwards, Mr Monti said Italy should be an "element of strength and not weakness" within the EU.
"We will aim at solving the financial situation, resume the path of growth. [We want to build] a future of dignity and hope for our children."
Continue reading the main story
Analysis
Karin Giannone
BBC News, Rome
Mario Monti did mention reservations, though it's not clear what he meant by that. He wants to provide an air of real sincerity about what is to come and his dedication to that. So we will see exactly what that means in terms of when he will go back to the president once he has eliminated those reservations.
He gave a rousing speech, which highlights what we have heard from either side of the political spectrum, that Italy is not essentially a financial disaster.
Mr Monti is hinting that he wants to restore Italy's reputation financially to match the size of its economy rather than the down talk about the credibility it has had over recent months.
Mr Monti said he would respect the country's parliament and hold urgent consultations with its political forces.
He refused to set a timetable for the formation of a new government, and would not say who he planned to nominate as ministers. But he said consultations would start on Monday.
Mr Napolitano said the nomination was not about overturning the result of the elections of 2008 - but Italy needed a government that "could unite the diverse political forces in an extraordinary effort warranted by the current financial and economic emergency".
Asked about the lifespan of a Monti government, Mr Napolitano said this depended on "the actions of the government, the reaction of the economy, of the markets, investors, of the European and international institutions".
'Encouraging signal'
Speaking in a recorded TV address, Mr Berlusconi said he would support a technocrat government and redouble his own efforts in parliament to modernise Italy.
Most centrists and centre-left parties in the opposition have already pledged their support.
However, Mr Berlusconi's main coalition ally, the Northern League, has withheld its support until Mr Monti's policies have become clear.
Mr Berlusconi, who had lost his parliamentary majority, resigned on Saturday after new austerity measures were passed by both houses of parliament.
Silvio Berlusconi: "Millions in Italy know my government did whatever we could to protect them."
In Brussels, European Commission chief Jose Manuel Barroso and EU President Herman Van Rompuy issued a joint statement welcoming Mr Monti's appointment.
It sent "a further encouraging signal... of the Italian authorities' determination to overcome the current crisis", they said.
The Commission, they added, would continue monitoring "the implementation of measures taken by Italy with the aim of pursuing policies that foster growth and employment".
Mr Monti's appointment comes two days after Greece, under even greater pressure from Brussels, inaugurated a technocrat government to cope with its debt problems.
Popular opposition
Continue reading the main story
Mario Monti
Born in 1943 in northern Italy
Taught economics at Turin University for 15 years
1994-1999: EU commissioner for internal market
1999-2004: EU commissioner for competition
Rector then president of top Bocconi University in Milan
On 11 November 2011, sworn in as a senator for life
13 November: Nominated PM-designate
Profile: Mario Monti
Mr Monti, a well respected economist, is exactly the sort of man that the markets would like to see take charge at this time of crisis, says the BBC's Alan Johnston in Rome, and he has support in many quarters.
But there is significant opposition to him within the country, and a feeling that Italy's troubles are just too deep for a mere change of government to make any rapid, significant difference.
The austerity package foresees 59.8bn euros in savings from a mixture of spending cuts and tax rises, with the aim of balancing the budget by 2014. Measures include:
An increase in VAT, from 20% to 21%
An increase in fuel prices
Sales of state property
A freeze on public-sector salaries until 2014
The retirement age for women in the private sector will gradually rise, from 60 in 2014 until it reaches 65 in 2026, the same age as for men
Measures to fight tax evasion will be strengthened, including a limit of 2,500 euros on cash transactions
There will be a special tax on the energy sector
On Wednesday, the interest rate on 10-year Italian government bonds briefly passed 7%, the rate at which Greece, Ireland and Portugal were forced to seek bailouts from the EU.
An EU team has begun work in Rome, monitoring how Italy plans to cut its debt burden, 120% of annual economic output (GDP).
The Italian economy has grown at an average of 0.75% a year over the past 15 years.
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